Kaivannaisjätteen luokittelu pysyväksi – Louhinassa muodostuvat sivukivet

Kaivannaisjäte voidaan kaivannaisjäteasetuksen (379/2008) mukaisesti luokitella pysyväksi, kun kaivannaisjäte täyttää asetuksessa mainitut kriteerit. Oppaan tarkoituksena on auttaa kaivannaisalan toimijoita ja viranomaisia louhinnassa syntyvän kaivannaisjätteen luokittelussa pysyväksi. Oppaassa esitetään menettelyt kaivannaisteollisuudessa syntyvän sivukiven luokittelulle kaivannaisjäteasetuksen mukaisesti pysyväksi jokokansallisen pysyvien kivilajien luettelon tai tapauskohtaisen arvioinnin avulla

Seismic correlation of Palaeozoic rocks across the northern Baltic Proper – Swedish–Estonian project since 1990, a review

After a short historical review of the correlation of Palaeozoic rocks between Estonia and Sweden, this paper focuses on the results of marine seismic studies, achieved during the cooperative Swedish–Estonian project since 1990. The most recent seismic correlation scheme of the Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian strata and their distribution at the seafloor across the northern Baltic Proper are presented. Thickness changes and trends, as well as the sedimentary structures, reef bodies, and erosional features of different seismic units, are treated in connection with structural and facies changes in the Palaeobaltic Basin. The immediate background of this project is outlined and the locations of the seismic lines shot during the joint expeditions to the Baltic Sea are shown

Vetenskaplig expertis och nordområdets naturresurser

The essay reflects on political pressures exerted by and on scientists and technologists acting as advisors on political and economic matters of the high north.It uses two case studies to do this. One consists in the group of scientists from several nations who engaged as advisors to their foreign offices in the process leading up tothe ratification of the Spitsbergen/Svalbard treaty in 1920. The focus is on the discourse regarding hunting, mining and nature protections on these islands. The second case is the way technologists and geological scientists were engaged in the industrialisation of the USSR. These contexts of course differ in scale and in many other ways but are similar in certain respects. The discussion is centred on the problems of technocracy which is commented based on the Frankfurt school's elaborations on the open society and differing interpretations of technological determinism. This is related further to contemporary contentions over the balance between scientific based environmental stewardship and technological management in northern raw material extraction

Microstructures associated with the Sottunga-Jurmo shear zone and their implications for the 1.83–1.79 Ga tectonic development of SW Finland

This petrographic study of rock samples from the area of a large-scale shear zone, the Sottung-Jurmo shear zone, in SW Finland, illuminates the thermal development of and strain distribution within the rocks during the last development stages of the shear zone. The results indicate relatively high temperatures during the deformation phases that created the gneisses and the mylonites, strain partitioning through time and continued transpression from S-SW until at least c. 1.79 Ga. This has implications to the latest tectonic models since the results together with previous studies suggest acompartmentalisation of regional stresses between the area SW of the shear zone and central Fennoscandia. The results also suggest that the uplift rate increased during the late stage of the transpression

Cave Fill in the Črnotiče Quarry, SW Slovenia: Palaeomagnetic, Mineralogical and Geochemical Study

V kamnolomu Črnotiče je bila izkopana s sedimenti in sigo z zapolnjena jama. Analiziran je bil 1,75 m visok del zapolnitve. Profil je sestavljen iz pasovite karbonatne kamnine z interkalacijami rdečih ilovic. Te so se odložile na erozijsko/korozijsko površino starejše, že močno prekristaljene sige. Pasovita in laminirana karbonatna kamnina profila je sestavljena iz prekristaljenega kalcilutita ter je podobna sladkovodnemu apnencu. Značilna laminiranost nakazuje nastanek iz bogatih organskih filmov. Rdeče ilovice sestavljajo kremen, smektit, vermikulit, gibbsit, pM kaolinit, goethit, atanas, rutil, haematit, kalcit, sljude in glinenec. Vsebujejo tudi pelete z več Mn hidroksioksidov. Rdeče ilovice so ostanki preperevanja, odloženi v z vodo zasičenem okolju. Za v profilu vzete vzorce so značilne srednje do visoke vrednosti Jn kar je posledica velike količine železovih mineralov. Srednja paleomagnetna smer je za skupino normalnih paleomagnetnih polaritet enaka D = 10.6°; I = 55.0°, za skupino reverznih polaritet pa D = 173.0°; I = -31.3°. Zgornji del profila kaže reverzno paleomagnetno smer, ki jo prekinjata dve normalni magnetozoni. Sodeč po razporeditvi posameznih magnetozon sklepamo, da je vrh najvišje normalno polarizirane cone primerljiv z dogodkom Olduvai (1.76/1.79 Ma) kot najmlajšo možnostjo, ostali del profila pa je lahko le starejši.A fossil cave, filled with cave sediments was open in the Črnotiče Quarry. An about 1.75 m high section was analysed. Profile consists of banded carbonate rocks intercalated by red clays which was deposited on corroded/ eroded surface of older speleothems. Banded and laminated carbonate rocks are composed of recrystallized calcilutite resemble freshwater limestones. Characteristics of lamination could indicate its origin from organic-rich films. Red clays are composed of quartz, smectite, vermiculite, gibbsite, pM kaolinite, goethite, anatase, rutile, haematite, calcite, micas and feldspar. They contain pellets with Mn hydroxyoxides. That red clays are weathering products redeposited in water-saturated environment. Samples are characterised by intermediate up to high magnetic values of Jn which is caused by the presence of high amount of Fe-minerals. Mean palaeomagnetic directions are for the group of normal palaeomagnetic polarity equal to D = 10.6°; I = 55.0°, and for the group of reverse polarity than D = 173.0°; I = -31.3°. The top part of the profile shows reverse palaeomagnetic direction interrupted by two normal magnetised zones. According to the arrangement of individual magnetozones we assume, that the top of the highest normal polarised magnetozone could be correlated with the Olduvai event (1.76/1.79 Ma) as the youngest possibility, and therefore the rest of profile must be older