Genetic Algorithm Assisted Multiuser Detection in Asynchronous CDMA Communications

The up-link transmissions of mobile stations are typically uncoordinated, which lead to asynchronous DS-CDMA systems. Provided that the propagation delay differences of users are less than one symbol duration, every bit of each user is interfered by two consecutive bits of every other user supported by the system which are overlapping with the bit of interest. This is only true, however, with the proviso of an identical channel bit rate for all the users. Hence the multiuser detector (MUD) must have knowledge of these two overlapping bits, in order to efficiently detect the desired bit (DB). Suboptimal MUDs have been proposed based on a truncated observation window, in which the overlapping 'edge' bits are tentatively estimated by some other means. Using a similar approach, a MUD is developed in this contribution which invokes genetic algorithms (GAs), in order to estimate the DBs within the truncated observation window as well as to simultaneously improve the edge bits' error probability (EBEP). Computer simulations showed that by using GAs for improving the reliability of the edge bits, our proposed MUD can achieve a near-optimum DBEP performance, while imposing a lower complexity compared to that of the optimum MUD

Implementable Wireless Access for B3G Networks - III: Complexity Reducing Transceiver Structures

This article presents a comprehensive overview of some of the research conducted within Mobile VCE’s Core Wireless Access Research Programme,1 a key focus of which has naturally been on MIMO transceivers. The series of articles offers a coherent view of how the work was structured and comprises a compilation of material that has been presented in detail elsewhere (see references within the article). In this article MIMO channel measurements, analysis, and modeling, which were presented previously in the first article in this series of four, are utilized to develop compact and distributed antenna arrays. Parallel activities led to research into low-complexity MIMO single-user spacetime coding techniques, as well as SISO and MIMO multi-user CDMA-based transceivers for B3G systems. As well as feeding into the industry’s in-house research program, significant extensions of this work are now in hand, within Mobile VCE’s own core activity, aiming toward securing major improvements in delivery efficiency in future wireless systems through crosslayer operation

M-ary Coded Mouldation Assisted Genetic Algorithm Based Multiuser Detection for CDMA Systems

In this contribution we propose a novel M-ary Coded Modulation assisted Genetic Algorithm based Multiuser Detection (CM-GA-MUD) scheme for synchronous CDMA systems. The performance of the proposed scheme was investigated using Quadrature-Phase-Shift-Keying (QPSK), 8-level PSK (8PSK) and 16-level Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16QAM) when communicating over AWGN and narrowband Rayleigh fading channels. When compared with the optimum MUD scheme, the GAMUD subsystem is capable of reducing the computational complexity significantly. On the other hand, the CM subsystem is capable of obtaining considerable coding gains despite being fed with sub-optimal information provided by the GA-MUD output

Comparison and Performance Analysis of DS-CDMA Systems by Genetic, Neural and GaNN (hybrid) Models

Direct Sequence-Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) technique is used in cellular systems where users in the cell are separated from each other with their unique spreading codes. DS-CDMA has been used extensively which suffers from multiple access interference (MAI) and inter symbol interference (ISI) due to multipath nature of channels in presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Spreading codes play an important role in multiple access capacity of DS-CDMA system and Walsh sequences are used as spreading codes in DS-CDMA. DS CDMA receiver namely genetic algorithm neural network and GaNN (hybrid) based MUD receiver for DS-CDMA communication using Walsh sequences is designed. The performance of the same will be compared among themselves

A Linear Multi-User Detector for STBC MC-CDMA Systems based on the Adaptive Implementation of the Minimum-Conditional Bit-Error-Rate Criterion and on Genetic Algorithm-assisted MMSE Channel Estimation

The implementation of efficient baseband receivers characterized by affordable computational load is a crucial point in the development of transmission systems exploiting diversity in different domains. In this paper, we are proposing a linear multi-user detector for MIMO MC-CDMA systems with Alamouti’s Space-Time Block Coding, inspired by the concept of Minimum Conditional Bit-Error-Rate (MCBER) and relying on Genetic-Algorithm (GA)-assisted MMSE channel estimation. The MCBER combiner has been implemented in adaptive way by using Least-Mean-Square (LMS) optimization. Firstly, we shall analyze the proposed adaptive MCBER MUD receiver with ideal knowledge of Channel Status Information (CSI). Afterwards, we shall consider the complete receiver structure, encompassing also the non-ideal GA-assisted channel estimation. Simulation results evidenced that the proposed MCBER receiver always outperforms state-of-the-art receiver schemes based on EGC and MMSE criterion exploiting the same degree of channel knowledge (i.e. ideal or estimated CSI)

Multiuser MIMO-OFDM for Next-Generation Wireless Systems

This overview portrays the 40-year evolution of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) research. The amelioration of powerful multicarrier OFDM arrangements with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems has numerous benefits, which are detailed in this treatise. We continue by highlighting the limitations of conventional detection and channel estimation techniques designed for multiuser MIMO OFDM systems in the so-called rank-deficient scenarios, where the number of users supported or the number of transmit antennas employed exceeds the number of receiver antennas. This is often encountered in practice, unless we limit the number of users granted access in the base station’s or radio port’s coverage area. Following a historical perspective on the associated design problems and their state-of-the-art solutions, the second half of this treatise details a range of classic multiuser detectors (MUDs) designed for MIMO-OFDM systems and characterizes their achievable performance. A further section aims for identifying novel cutting-edge genetic algorithm (GA)-aided detector solutions, which have found numerous applications in wireless communications in recent years. In an effort to stimulate the cross pollination of ideas across the machine learning, optimization, signal processing, and wireless communications research communities, we will review the broadly applicable principles of various GA-assisted optimization techniques, which were recently proposed also for employment inmultiuser MIMO OFDM. In order to stimulate new research, we demonstrate that the family of GA-aided MUDs is capable of achieving a near-optimum performance at the cost of a significantly lower computational complexity than that imposed by their optimum maximum-likelihood (ML) MUD aided counterparts. The paper is concluded by outlining a range of future research options that may find their way into next-generation wireless systems

Interference-Mitigating Waveform Design for Next-Generation Wireless Systems

A brief historical perspective of the evolution of waveform designs employed in consecutive generations of wireless communications systems is provided, highlighting the range of often conflicting demands on the various waveform characteristics. As the culmination of recent advances in the field the underlying benefits of various Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) schemes are highlighted and exemplified. As an integral part of the appropriate waveform design, cognizance is given to the particular choice of the duplexing scheme used for supporting full-duplex communications and it is demonstrated that Time Division Duplexing (TDD) is substantially outperformed by Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD), unless the TDD scheme is combined with further sophisticated scheduling, MIMOs and/or adaptive modulation/coding. It is also argued that the specific choice of the Direct-Sequence (DS) spreading codes invoked in DS-CDMA predetermines the properties of the system. It is demonstrated that a specifically designed family of spreading codes exhibits a so-called interference-free window (IFW) and hence the resultant system is capable of outperforming its standardised counterpart employing classic Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) codes under realistic dispersive channel conditions, provided that the interfering multi-user and multipath components arrive within this IFW. This condition may be ensured with the aid of quasisynchronous adaptive timing advance control. However, a limitation of the system is that the number of spreading codes exhibiting a certain IFW is limited, although this problem may be mitigated with the aid of novel code design principles, employing a combination of several spreading sequences in the time-frequency and spatial-domain. The paper is concluded by quantifying the achievable user load of a UTRA-like TDD Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system employing Loosely Synchronized (LS) spreading codes exhibiting an IFW in comparison to that of its counterpart using OVSF codes. Both system's performance is enhanced using beamforming MIMOs

Simulated annealing based multiuser detection for synchronous SDMA system

In this treatise, a novel Simulated Annealing (SA) based Multi-User Detection (MUD) is proposed in synchronous Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) system. SA MUD modifies experiential Cooling Schedule (CS) of traditional SA algorithm according to its use in MUD. Moreover, in order to ensure sufficient diversity acquired in the whole Markov chain and to prevent from being trapped at local optima, Uniform Mutation (UM) based trial vector generation scheme is brought forward. In addition, the optimal solution recording scheme is also invoked in case of being lost during cooling process. Simulation results illustrate that in comparison with Genetic Algorithm (GA) MUD in the same simulation conditions, without turbo processing and soft-information, SA MUD proposed in this paper performs better, approaching the performance of Maximum Likelihood (ML) MUD and imposes lower complexity

A Genetic Algorithm Based Finger Selection Scheme for UWB MMSE Rake Receivers

Due to a large number of multipath components in a typical ultra wideband (UWB) system, selective Rake (SRake) receivers, which combine energy from a subset of multipath components, are commonly employed. In order to optimize system performance, an optimal selection of multipath components to be employed at fingers of an SRake receiver needs to be considered. In this paper, this finger selection problem is investigated for a minimum mean square error (MMSE) UWB SRake receiver. Since the optimal solution is NP hard, a genetic algorithm (GA) based iterative scheme is proposed, which can achieve near-optimal performance after a reasonable number of iterations. Simulation results are presented to compare the performance of the proposed finger selection algorithm with those of the conventional and optimal schemes.Comment: To appear in the Proc. IEEE International Conference on Ultrawideband (ICU-2005