Etude et localisation de défauts dans les circuits intégrés par stimulation photoélectrique laser

Ce travail se situe dans le contexte général du développement de nouvelles techniques de test sans contact de circuits intégrés VLSI à partir d'un laser impulsionnel. Cette thèse s'intéresse plus particulièrement au développement de la Stimulation Photoélectrique Laser pour la localisation de défauts sub-micrométriques dans les zones conductrices d'un circuit intégré. En complément du développement instrumental, une étude de l'interaction laser impulsionnel semi- conducteur est menée à l'aide de simulations numériques. La méthodologie développée dans ce travail de thèse est ensuite appliquée à l'étude et la localisation de défauts ESD dans les circuits intégrés.The aim of this work is to develop new contactless analysis techniques on VLSI circuits using a pulsed laser. The Photoelectric Laser Stimulation technique is investigated. This technique allows localizing sub-micronic defects in a conductive area of an integrated circuit. To complete the experimental study, numerical simulations where performed in order to improve the understanding of the laser pulse-semiconductor interaction. The developed methodology is finally applied to investigate and localize ESD defects in integrated circuits

Merchants of the City: Situating the London Estate of the Drapers’ Company, c. 1540-1640

Through a case study of the Drapers’ Company, this thesis examines the role London’s livery companies played in the built environment of the early modern City.1 Broadly, it is concerned with tracing institutional topographies of the urban environment and examining the city’s development in relation to these systems of governance. Specifically, it investigates the Drapers as administrators, landlords and landowners in a critical period of livery company history. Much of the extant literature on the London guilds sidelines their significant role in the spatial processes of the post-Reformation city and fails to engage with their extensive property records. However, my research situates the companies as increasingly active agents in the sixteenth and early seventeenth century built environment. Pushing against the ‘Elizabethan silence’ of this period as perceived by architectural historians, I demonstrate that the accelerated acquisition of buildings, anxiety about their condition and canny negotiations with tenants for rebuildings reveal a Company proactively seeking to maintain corporate honour and profit through their valuable urban estate. At the same time, it explores how this transition, and the erosion of their original base of authority in the trade of drapery, was expressed or suppressed in corporate spaces such as the Company Hall. The thesis therefore contributes to debates surrounding the survival of London’s guilds in the face of substantive internal change by writing the livery companies back into the story of city space. Notably, the starting point for the research was an unusual book of accounts relating to thirty-six dinners held in the sixteenth century Hall. The ‘Dinner Book’ served as an unconventional entry point into an exploration of over 300 diverse documents in the Drapers’ Archive. Taking such a holistic approach to the Archive, the study is more widely about what can be achieved in utilising the records of London's livery companies as a source for urban architectural histories as it is about the guilds' role as co-producers of city space. In giving voice to the architecture of the early modern city and its inhabitants, it challenges architectural historians in particular to re-assess their view of appropriate methodologies and legitimate evidence in relation to the urban environment

Safety and Reliability - Safe Societies in a Changing World

The contributions cover a wide range of methodologies and application areas for safety and reliability that contribute to safe societies in a changing world. These methodologies and applications include: - foundations of risk and reliability assessment and management - mathematical methods in reliability and safety - risk assessment - risk management - system reliability - uncertainty analysis - digitalization and big data - prognostics and system health management - occupational safety - accident and incident modeling - maintenance modeling and applications - simulation for safety and reliability analysis - dynamic risk and barrier management - organizational factors and safety culture - human factors and human reliability - resilience engineering - structural reliability - natural hazards - security - economic analysis in risk managemen