Formation of misfit dislocations in strained-layer GaAs/In_xGa_1–xAs/GaAs heterostructures during postfabrication thermal processing

It is demonstrated that relaxation of GaAs/InxGa1–xAs/GaAs strained-layer heterostructures can be brought about by postfabrication thermal processing. Misfit dislocations are introduced into the structure during thermal processing, even though the thickness of the strained layer is well below the critical value predicted by the Matthews–Blakeslee model. The misfit dislocations are observed to be of both 60° mixed type and 90° pure edge type. As no relaxation occurs at the lower temperatures encountered during fabrication by molecular-beam epitaxy, it can be inferred that the critical condition for the formation of misfit dislocations is not only a function of strained-layer thickness and composition, but also of temperature. This observation cannot be accounted for by differential thermal expansion or diffusion across the strained-layer interfaces, but the temperature-dependent Peierls force may offer an explanation. The high temperature required to produce relaxation of these structures suggests that they are sufficiently thermally stable for most practical applications

Verb Formation in Angkola Language

This study deals with the verb formation in Angkol language. This study aims tofind out the kind of affix that formed a verb in Angkola, to describethe pattern ofverb formation in Angkola language and also to find out the grammaticalmeanings occurred through the verb formation in Angkola language. This studywas conducted by using descriptive qualitative method by Moleong (1975:5).Inthis research, the descriptive qualitative method was used to find out the types ofaffixes that formed a verb in Angkola language and to describe the pattern of verbformation in Angkola language. The data of this research were taken from thescript of Parhuta-huta part I movie, and 8 song lyrics of Top SimamoraftDeliana.The technique of data analysis applied was generative morphology proposed byHalle (1973). After analyzing the data it was found that were three kinds of affixesfound in verb-formation of Angkola language, namely: 1). Prefix, such as [di-],[ma-], [mar-], [tar], [pa], [maN-]. 2). Suffix, such as: [-kon], [-i], [-hon]. 3).Confix, such as: [maN-i], [maN-kon] and [mar-an], and morphophonemic changealso occurred through the verb formation of Angkola language, namely: 1).Phonological alteration (assimilation) and 2). Phonological Deletion (Omission).And also found four kinds of grammatical meaning occurred through the verbformation of Angkola language namely: 1. activity, 2. Process, 3. Command, 4.Condition. Therefore the dominant types of affixes occurred in verb formation ofAngkola language is prefix with 6 kinds of prefixes. The findings of this researchshowed that verbs can be formed through a process of affixation whether it comesfrom the verb, noun, adjective, adverbial

The Word Formation Processes of Indonesian Slang Words Used in Cosmo Girl! Indonesian Teenage Magazine

This was a qualitative study of word formation processes of Indonesian slang words in the Cosmo Girl!. To reveal the type of word formation and the most frequent type of word formation processes, the writer used two theories of word formation processes, namely word formation processes by Yule (2006) supported by Indonesian word formation processes by Chaedar (1994). The findings revealed four types of word formation processes, namely Clipping (3.22%), Blending (3.22%), Borrowing (19.35%) and Multiple Processes (74.19%). Although the Multiple Processes took a crucial part in forming Indonesian slang words, the process of borrowing dominantly occurred in the Multiple Processes. Especially English was often used in the borrowing process. Besides, the findings revealed processes that are not stated in both of the theories, namely Addition, Substitution and Deletion. These three processes were needed to adjust to Indonesian spelling system

Formation Of Socio-economic Development Strategy Of Construction Enterprises

The improvement of economic and social results of the current activity of a construction enterprise and future development of the socio-economic system is possible by forming and accepting complex arrangements within the mechanism of rationalization of cooperation between elements of the system of construction activity management, directed on establishing the organizational structure, providing balance between existent resources and establishing future aims for achieving economic and social results, observing the functional destination and objective orientation of technological and resource elements of the management system of the socio-economic development. The conducted studies established that the strategy must provide arrangements as to improvement of the economic mechanism, system of management and planning, economic stimulation, creation of conditions for the effective use of the production potential of an economic enterprise. It was proved, that they are in: realization of profound marketing studies for determining a consumption demand for final construction products in whole and by their most important groups and usage directions; formation of alternative variants of creating final products, taking into account the structure of needs in them and within resources, allotted for the development of a construction enterprise; choice of a variant that mostly satisfies needs for a new strategy, solving socio-economic tasks at least costs, getting the proper quality of products and raising a competitiveness level of the production potential of a construction enterprise. It allows to state that the development project of a construction enterprise must be based on multi-criteria optimization, oriented on getting the maximal profit and maximal satisfaction of the consumption demand of products, presented on internal and external markets at raising their competitiveness

Determination Of Formation Regimes For Bilayer Cobalt Dysprosium Intermetalic Surface Alloy

High tech industrial fields on modern development stage are in need of construction materials with an optimal ratio of volume and surface properties, along with low cost of material itself. As evidenced by studies, in order to give a set complex of properties to a workpiece that operates under specific conditions, it is often sufficient to only modify its surface area. Over the course of studies, by means of gravimetric, influence of technological parameters (temperature and time samples are kept in the melt) on specific mass change of cobalt samples, that act as substrate, during electroless diffusive saturation with dysprosium in eutectic melt of lithium and potassium chlorides have been studied. A mathematical dependency was established for specific mass change of cobalt samples on time spent in melt for temperature range of 873–973 K. Composition of intermetallic coats obtained on surface of cobalt samples was studied means of EDX and SEM analyses. It was discovered, that for chosen temperature range, diffusion layers formed on surface of cobalt samples consists of two structural zones that correspond to Co-Dy and Cp2Dy phases

Star Formation during Galaxy Formation

Young galaxies are clumpy, gas-rich, and highly turbulent. Star formation appears to occur by gravitational instabilities in galactic disks. The high dispersion makes the clumps massive and the disks thick. The star formation rate should be comparable to the gas accretion rate of the whole galaxy, because star formation is usually rapid and the gas would be depleted quickly otherwise. The empirical laws for star formation found locally hold at redshifts around 2, although the molecular gas consumption time appears to be smaller, and mergers appear to form stars with a slightly higher efficiency than the majority of disk galaxies.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figure, Ecole Evry Schatzman 2010: Star Formation in the Local Universe. Lecture 5 of