Deriving Unstructured Parentheticals by FormSequence

本稿では単純併合を想定するミニマリスト統語論の枠組みで非構造的な挿入句表現の統語論について検討する。具体的には，挿入句表現の統語範疇をCPと仮定し，顕在統語論における派生には併合ではなく，セット形成とシーケンス化からなるシーケンス形成が関与することを主張する。そして，普遍文法内には単純併合だけでなく，シーケンス形成という構造構築のオプションが存在し，その適用の結果，等位項と接続演算子&を持つ３つ以上の統語体のインプットにはリスト読みのような特殊なSEM解釈が付与される。これにより，可視統語論から談話文法への転送の際に適切なSEM表示を出力する余地が生まれる。This article addresses the syntax of unstructured parentheticals within the current minimalist framework, which revolves around Simplest MERGE as the computational desideratum. It posits that unstructured parentheticals, assumed to belong to the CP category, undergo not MERGE but FormSequence（FSQ）, a complex procedure consisting of FormSet （FST） and Sequencing in Narrow Syntax （NS）.Furthermore, alongside binary Simplest MERGE, Universal Grammar（ UG） incorporates FSQ（ = FST ＋Sequencing） as a computational tool. This tool accommodates n ≧ 3 SO inputs with categorially identical　conjuncts and a conjunctive operator& , potentially serving as a source of unique semantic interpretation（ e.g.,list reading）. This contribution enhances understanding of UG by demonstrating that FSQ facilitates the appropriate SEM representation sent from NS to discourse grammar.2departmental bulletin pape

Bananas in space: extending fold and unfold to exponential types

Fold and unfold are general purpose functionals for process-ing and constructing lists. By using the categorical approach of modelling recursive datatypes as fixed points of functors, these functionals and their algebraic properties were generalised from lists to polynomial (sum-of-product) datatypes. However, the restriction to polynomial datatypes is a serious limitation: it precludes the use of exponentials (function-spaces), whereas it is central to functional programming that functions are first-class values, and so exponentials should be able to be used freely in datatype definitions. In this paper we explain how Freyd’s work on modelling recursive datatypes as fixed points of difunctors shows how to generalise fold and unfold from polynomial datatypes to those involving exponentials. Knowledge of category theory is not required; we use Gofer throughout as our meta-language, making extensive use of constructor classe

描写述語のラベル付け分析

This paper observes syntactic and semantic properties of English depictive constructions. Subject- and object-oriented depictive predicates appear in different structural positions and it is claimed that subject-oriented depictive constructions are headed by the functional category Pred. Evidence for the presence of Pred was first attested in the fourteenth century and the frequency of its realization increased thereafter, which indicates that constructions including Pred underwent a structural change in the history of English. This paper assumes that depictive constructions have undergone a structural change in the history of English and proposes their syntactic structures. It is shown that distribution of different types of depictive predicates is derived from the interaction of FormCopy and Labeling Algorithm by assuming that PredP imposes agreement conditions on its complement and optionally carries e-features.departmental bulletin pape

Partial Wh-Movement in North Italo-Romance and the FormCopy Analysis of Wh-Doubling

This paper analyzes the syntactic derivation of so-called ‘wh-doubling’, a single-constituent question-formation strategy that features the overt occurrence of two wh-phrases (e.g. kuza fa la ku’zε (lit.) ‘what does she do what?’) in North Italo-Romance. We argue that the wh-phrases involved in the construction are best treated as being generated independently by External Merge (EM), rather than being bona fide syntactic copies constructed by Internal Merge (IM). This raises the theoretical issue why IM to scope position cannot take place in wh-doubling, despite IM being more economical than EM. We propose that the wh-element merged in argumental position undergoes partial movement to the edge of the v-phase, where it becomes ‘frozen’ upon entering into a Focus configuration. This makes the derivation of wh-doubling identical to the derivation of wh-in situ up to the v-phase as recently proposed for different wh-in situ languages. The derivation of wh-doubling then proceeds by EM of an additional wh-phrase that gives phonological content to the scope Q position in the left periphery. The single-constituent reading is obtained at Conceptual-Intentional (C-I) via the operation FormCopy (FC), which connects the independently generated wh-elements in the syntactic workspace. We moreover discuss issues pertaining to parametric variation

From Intergenerational Collaboration to Designing for Problem Solving for Value Creation in the Creative Economy.

Abstract To remain competitive in the creative economy, workers as individual professionals and within teams must strengthen their problem solving abilities in creating new forms of value for their employers. Because of an aging work force, growing cultural diversity, and short term, more precarious employment, intergenerational problem solving is an important part of the solution. In their initial focus on this issue, the researchers employed different techniques, including a literature review, trend analysis, and the collection of primary data through individual semistructured interviews and a group method called World Cafe. The data was coded and clustered under themes corresponding to individual, team and organizational work settings. Initial analysis confirmed the importance of intergenerational collaboration. However, there was a growing realization that it was only one of many challenges confronting workers in the creative economy. This "pivot" prompted further analysis of the data, leading to an expanded set of findings, and the researchers’ design solution. The “user persona” method was employed to construct archetypes that capture the principal findings of the analysis, with respect to the needs and possible ways of addressing them effectively. In depicting this interaction between workers and their needs, the researchers have drawn on literature pertaining to adult learning, coaching and occupational science in conjunction with design methods from the Strategic Foresight and Innovation Program. The design solution postulates that workers must not only be proactive in addressing their needs but also self-reliant, as, because of financial pressures and staff turnover, companies are increasingly reluctant to invest in individual employees. The specific solution they propose – namely greatly enhanced and credentialed coaching services for a broad range of needs relating directly to the creative workplace, career development and life transitions – points to an attractive business opportunity. The report suggests some initial steps to develop it. The report reflects on possible criticisms regarding collection of the primary data. However, the researchers contend that the overall findings are sufficiently robust to support their solution. In closing, the researchers raise two issues for further inquiry. The first is whether the emerging market for enhanced coaching services can fully and satisfactorily address the many problems confronting workers in the creative economy. Given its growing importance, is there a role for government as well? The second is whether the problems identified by the research are specific to the creative economy. Will they not become more prominent in other sectors as well

4-H Awards : Extension Circular 0-10-2

This publication lists and describes the awards given each year