Why we need the concept of land-grab-induced displacement

This paper challenges the traditional threefold classification of forced migration, and proposes a new concept: land-grab-induced displacement. The concept sheds light on issues that are shrouded by the conventional typology. Displacement, frequently treated as the ‘collateral damage’ of war and climate change, or an unfortunate sacrifice necessitated by ‘development’, may often be better understood as part of the political economy of land. The notion of land-grab-induced displacement encapsulates cases in which people are forcibly uprooted primarily so that others can control the land and its resources. The argument draws on three examples –from Colombia, Ethiopia and Southeast Asia post-tsunami- in order to highlight the limitations of the standard categorisation, and the need to better integrate land questions into our analytical frameworks of forced displacement

Worm-Like-Chain Model of Forced Desorption of a Polymer Adsorbed on an Attractive Wall

Forced desorption of a semiflexible polymer chain on a solid substrate is theoretically investigated. The pulling force versus displacement is studied for different adsorption energy and persistence length P. It is found that the relationships between pulling force and cantilever displacement show a series of characteristic force spikes at different persistence length P. These force spikes becomes more pronounced but the average magnitude of this force decrease as P grows. Our results are of relevance to forced desorption of DNA on an attractive wall in single-molecule pulling experiments.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure

Effects of forced displacement on health

This paper analyzes health consequences of forced civilian displacement that occurred during the war in Croatia 1991-1995 which accompanied the demise of Yugoslavia. Using the Croatian Adult Health Survey 2003 we test whether displacement is relevant in explaining various dimensions of measured and self-assessed health. We adopt an instrumental variable approach where civilian casualties per county are used as an instrument for displacement. We find robust significant adverse effects on self-assessed health, on probability of suffering from systolic and diastolic hypertension, and on mental health and role emotional SF-36 dimensions. We also address possible channels of adverse effect, and find that displacement did not induce a change in healthy behaviors, and that the negative effect of displacement is channeled through adverse economic conditions that the displaced individuals face

Component mode synthesis and large deflection vibration of complex structures. Volume 3: Multiple-mode nonlinear free and forced vibrations of beams using finite element method

Multiple-mode nonlinear forced vibration of a beam was analyzed by the finite element method. Inplane (longitudinal) displacement and inertia (IDI) are considered in the formulation. By combining the finite element method and nonlinear theory, more realistic models of structural response are obtained more easily and faster

Picking up the pieces: social capital and entrepreneurship for livelihood recovery among displaced populations in Northeast Nigeria

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version.In the past few decades, there has been a significant increase in the rate of forced displacement, often precipitated by persecution, civil wars, terrorism, transborder conflicts, as well as natural disasters. The United Nations High Commission for Refugee (UNHCR) reports that there are 25.4 million refugees and 68.5 million forcibly displaced people, and only a small fraction are able to return to their former homes (UNHCR 2019). Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria has precipitated humanitarian tragedy on a scale comparable to the Nigerian civil war (1967-1970) and arguably the worst of any manmade or natural disaster in Nigeria's history. The Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre estimates that up to 3.3 million people have been internally displaced due to terrorist violence perpetrated by the Boko Haram (International Displacement Monitoring Centre 2015). The number of people displaced by the conflict is the largest in Africa and the third largest in the world. Using quantitative and qualitative data obtained from questionnaires and interviews conducted with respondents in Northeast Nigeria, the study examines the extent to which the displaced populations are drawing on social capital and human capital to withstand, cope with and recover from the adverse experiences and consequences of the insurgency and counterinsurgency. Given that most forced displacements occur in developing countries like Nigeria, government resources are increasingly stretched to deal with the crisis, and there are calls for fundamental rethink of the traditional approach to interventions in disaster situations. In particular, scholars and practitioners are highlighting the need to shift from the current emphasis on technological solutions and financial input, to an approach that combines both technological solutions and social solutions, bringing people and communities to the forefront of interventions (Aldrich & Meyer 2014; Wind & Komproe 2012; Johnson et al. 2013). Forced migration is a social process in which human agency and social networks play a major part. These networks can be instrumental in the construction and (re)-construction of livelihood systems and communities shattered by insurgencies and protracted conflicts

Nonlinear hybrid-mode resonant forced oscillations of sagged inclined cables at avoidances

We investigate non-linear forced oscillations of sagged inclined cables under planar 1:1 internal resonance at avoidance. To account for frequency avoidance phenomena and associated hybrid modes actually distinguishing inclined cables from horizontal cables, asymmetric inclined static configurations are considered. Emphasis is placed on highlighting nearly tuned 1:1 resonant interactions involving coupled hybrid modes. The inclined cable is subjected to a uniformly distributed vertical harmonic excitation at primary resonance of a high-frequency mode. Approximate non-linear partial-differential equations of motion, capturing overall displacement coupling and dynamic extensibility effect, are analytically solved based on a multi-mode discretization and a second-order multiple scales approach. Bifurcation analyses of both equilibrium and dynamic solutions are carried out via a continuation technique, highlighting the influence of system parameters on internally resonant forced dynamics of avoidance cables. Direct numerical integrations of modulation equations are also performed to validate the continuation prediction and characterize non-linear coupled dynamics in post-bifurcation states. Depending on the elasto-geometric (cable sag and inclination) and control parameters, and on assigned initial conditions, the hybrid modal interactions undergo several kinds of bifurcations and non-linear phenomena, along with meaningful transition from periodic to quasi-periodic and chaotic responses. Moreover, corresponding spatio-temporal distributions of cable non-linear dynamic displacement and tension are manifested

Home is Where the Heart Is? Forced Migration and Voluntary Return in Turkey's Kurdish Regions

What influences the decisions of internally displaced persons (IDPs) to return home after prolonged displacement? This article investigates the attitudes of victims of forced migration by analysing survey data on Kurdish displaced persons and returnees in Turkey. In an attempt to give a voice to displaced persons, we survey the conditions under which IDPs return home despite continuing tensions, lack of infrastructure and risk of renewed violence. The findings suggest that integration into a new environment in Western Turkey, measured by economic advancement and knowledge of Turkish, reduces the likelihood of return. Yet contrary to conventional wisdom, more educated IDPs demonstrate a stronger desire to return to their ancestral communities, suggesting that education increases available options for displaced persons. The findings are relevant in informing global responses to forced migration as well as understanding the local experiences and perceptions of IDPs in conflict ridden societies

Direct conversion of rheological compliance measurements into storage and loss moduli

We remove the need for Laplace/inverse-Laplace transformations of experimental data, by presenting a direct and straightforward mathematical procedure for obtaining frequency-dependent storage and loss moduli ($G'(\omega)$ and $G"(\omega)$ respectively), from time-dependent experimental measurements. The procedure is applicable to ordinary rheological creep (stress-step) measurements, as well as all microrheological techniques, whether they access a Brownian mean-square displacement, or a forced compliance. Data can be substituted directly into our simple formula, thus eliminating traditional fitting and smoothing procedures that disguise relevant experimental noise.Comment: 4 page

Cockpit Window Edge Proximity Effects on Judgements of Horizon Vertical Displacement

To quantify the influence of a spatially fixed edge on vertical displacement threshold, twenty-four males (12 pilots, 12 non-pilots) were presented a series of forced choice, paired comparison trials in which a 32 deg arc wide, thin, luminous horizontal stimulus line moved smoothly downward through five angles from a common starting position within a three second-long period. The five angles were 1.4, 1.7, 2, 2.3, and 2.6 deg. Each angle was presented paired with itself and the other four angles in all combinations in random order. For each pair of trials the observer had to choose which trial possessed the largest displacement. A confidence response also was made. The independent variable was the angular separation between the lower edge of a stable 'window' aperture through which the stimulus was seen to move and the lowest position attained by the stimulus. It was found that vertical displacement accuracy is inversely related to the angle separating the stimulus and the fixed window edge (p = .05). In addition, there is a strong tendency for pilot confidence to be lower than that of non-pilots for each of the three angular separations. These results are discussed in erms of selected cockpit features and as they relate to how pilots judge changes in aircraft pitch attitude

Creating conditions of anomalous self-diffusion in a liquid with molecular dynamics

We propose a computational method to simulate anomalous self-diffusion in a simple liquid. The method is based on a molecular dynamics simulation on which we impose the following two conditions: firstly, the inter-particle interaction is described by a soft-core potential and secondly, the system is forced out of equilibrium. The latter can be achieved by subjecting the system to changes in the length scale at intermittent times. In many respects, our simulation system bears resemblance to slowly driven sandpile models displaying self-organised criticality. We find non-Gaussian single time step displacement distributions during the out-of-equilibrium time periods of the simulation.Comment: Extended version: 12 pages, 9 figure