INTERNATIONAL VARIATION OF RETURN ON EQUITY IN THE FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRIES

The objective was to analyze the effects of country and firm specific factors on the return on equity in the beverage and tobacco and food and consumer products industries for eleven industrialized nations. The results indicated that country and firm specific factors were important in explaining variation in return on equity within countries but not generally across countries or time.variation on return in equity, globalization, Agribusiness, Industrial Organization,

MONITORING THE IMPACT OF CONSOLIDATION IN THE FOOD SYSTEM ON THE CONSUMER IN 1996

Very little research has been done on the impact of mergers, divestitures, and leveraged buyouts on the American consumer. The U.S. food marketing system had nearly 400 mergers and leveraged buyouts in 1996, bringing the 15-year total to about 6,400. In 1996, all indicators show that consumers were not adversely affected by this level of activity, although profitability and owners' equity continue to skyrocket. This presentation examines the consumer's welfare indirectly by looking at key economic indicators of the food marketing system in 1996-such as retail food prices, advertising expenditures, new product introductions, research and development, profitability, and equity appreciation.Agribusiness, Consumer/Household Economics,

Health Equity Series: Food Insecurity December 2015

In order to address health equity, it is important to acknowledge the factors that create inequitable health outcomes, such as socioeconomic factors and other inequalities related to race and gender. Although individual responsibility and personal health behaviors have an impact on health outcomes, understanding how the social determinants of health (e.g., education, housing, employment, transportation) play a significant role in both health behaviors and health outcomes is important when attempting to achieve health equity for all Missourians.For the purpose of this report, health equity will be discussed through the examination of Missouri's food system, including how social determinants of health impact food security and food access, as well as the connection between disparities in health outcomes and an inequitable food system

Sustainability strategies for organic food and farming

Local organic food should be an accessible alternative, both concerning availability and price, for a citizen-consumer influencing through food choices, and for the rural poor. This sets a challenge to the politicians, as also addressed in the European Action Plan for Organic Food and Farming. Its is based on two pillars - consumer markets and public goods, and conclusively on two payers. The society pays through allocation of subsidizes and taxes as well as through legislation, which regulate the price relations. The economic interventions by society increase the equity and access to food in comparison to a price premium

INTERNATIONAL VARIATION IN RETURN ON EQUITY IN THE FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRIES

The objective is to analyze the effects of country- and firm-specific factors on the return on equity in the beverage and tobacco and food and consumer-products industries for 11industrialized nations. The results indicate that country- and firm-specific factors are important in explaining variation in return on equity within countries but not generally across countries or time.beverage and tobacco industry, country- and firm-specific factors, food and consumer-products industry, globalization, unbalanced panel data, variation in return on equity, Agribusiness,

Globalization, Privatization, and Vertical Coordination in Food Value Chains in Developing and Transition Countries

Food and agricultural commodity value chains in developing and transition countries have undergone tremendous changes in the past decades. Companies and property rights have been privatized, markets liberalized, and economies integrated into global food systems. The liberalization and privatization initially caused the collapse of state controlled vertical integration. More recently, private vertical coordination systems have emerged and are growing rapidly as a response to consumer demand for food quality and safety on the one hand and the farms' production constraints caused by factor market imperfections. In this paper we (a) demonstrate the importance of these changes, (b) discuss the implications for efficiency and equity and (c) provide empirical evidence on the effects in several developing and transition countries.Industrial Organization,

No. 21: The State of Poverty and Food Insecurity in Maseru, Lesotho

This report on food insecurity in urban Lesotho is the latest in a series on Southern African cities issued by AFSUN. Like the previous reports, it focuses on one city (Maseru) and on poor neighbourhoods and households in that city. More than 60% of poor households surveyed in Maseru were severely food insecure. While food price increases worsen food insecurity for poor households, it is poverty that weakens the resilience of society to absorb these increases. This report argues that Maseru residents face specific and interrelated challenges with respect to food and nutrition insecurity. These are poverty; limited local livelihood opportunities; and dependence on food imports. Among AFSUN’s recommendations are improved infrastructure as a fundamental precondition for meaningful development; the creation of livelihood opportunities within the food system; social safety nets designed in ways that promote economic growth and equity; and free movement of labour between Lesotho and South Africa, which would dramatically improve the incomes of many poor households. The Government of Lesotho and the Maseru Municipality and District can direct both aid and investment into an integrated food security strategy that prioritizes urban infrastructure, livelihoods, welfare and mobility. This takes political will, but the development and implementation of such a food security strategy is well within the reach of the country’s leaders

Agency Theory Issues in the Food Processing Industry

The objective is to identify significant determinants of performance for food processing firms over the 1992 to 2003 time period, focusing particularly on the issue of family control. Variables measuring firm effects such as asset size, governance, income distribution, and risk are used to explain return on equity. This study builds upon previous research by including a measure of income distribution in the food processing industry. Governance variables are found to be significant determinants of return on equity. The results found no evidence of agency problems in family-controlled firms during this time period.agribusiness, institutional economics, organizational economics, Agribusiness, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Production Economics, D23, G34, Q13, Q14,

Breaking the Barriers to Specialty Care: Practical Ideas to Improve Health Equity and Reduce Cost - Striving for Equity in Specialty Care

Tremendous health outcome inequities remain in the U.S. across race and ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation, socio-economic status, and geography—particularly for those with serious conditions such as lung or skin cancer, HIV/AIDS, or cardiovascular disease.These inequities are driven by a complex set of factors—including distance to a specialist, insurance coverage, provider bias, and a patient's housing and healthy food access. These inequities not only harm patients, resulting in avoidable illness and death, they also drive unnecessary health systems costs.This 5-part series highlights the urgent need to address these issues, providing resources such as case studies, data, and recommendations to help the health care sector make meaningful strides toward achieving equity in specialty care.Part 1: "Striving for Equity in Specialty Care"A complex set of barriers to specialty care create Health inequities for many Americans, but the current healthcare landscape provides an opportune moment to address this challenge