Potentials of castor seed meal (Ricinus communis L.) as feed ingredient for Oreochromis niloticus

The potentials of castor seed (Ricinus communis) meal as feed ingredient for Oreochromis niloticus was determined by using boiled seeds to prepare five diets which were fed to the fish species. The effects of the experimental diets on the weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, apparent net protein utilization, digestibility and carcass composition were investigated. The best of these growth factors were obtained with feed formulated from R. communis seeds boiled for 50 and 65 minutes. The highest carcass protein content was observed with fish fed with 65 minute-boiled seed

Growth performance of Heteroclarias fed maggot meal at varying inclusion levels

70-day growth trial was conducted with Heteroclarias: Heterobranchus bidorsalis X Clarias gariepinus (mean weight 0.64~c0.006g) fed diets based on various inclusion levels of Maggot Meal. The fishmeal in the control diet was replaced with maggot meals at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% levels to supply 40% crude protein in the final diets. The trails were conducted in glass tanks (60cmx30cmx30cm). Evaluation of growth parameters and nutrient utilization of the fish was based on weight gains, protein intake, protein efficiency ratio, net protein utilization, feed conversion efficiency and carcass analysis. Best growth and feed conversion efficiency were obtained with the 75% dietary inclusion of maggot meal. There was no significant differences (P>0.055) between the group of fish on 50% and 75% dietary inclusion maggot meal in growth performance and protein efficiency ratio but, there was a significant (P<0.05) difference in the NPU (Net Protein Utilization) and protein gain between the control diet and those fed on maggot meals. There was no marked variation in the survival rate of fish on all diet

A preliminary investigation into the effects of a sex-reversal androgen, methyltestosterone, on food utilization and growth of Sarotherodon niloticus (L) fry

Three groups of Sarotherodon niloticus fry were fed for 8 weeks on diets either treated with 17- & methyltestosterone (MT), alcohol (CA), or untreated (CO). Growth rate and food utilization in the different groups were compared. Results indicate that the best growth, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and Mean Growth Rate (MGR) were obtained with the MT diet. There was no significant difference (P 0.05) in growth and food utilization of the CA and CO fry, nor in the mortality rate of the 3 treatments. The androgen, methyltestosterone promotes growth and protein anabolism without producing toxic effects in S. niloticu

Effects of fish-meal, cow blood-meal, and sorghum diets on food utilization and growth of cage cultured Sarotherodon niloticus

The growth responses and feed utilization of Sarotherodon niloticus held in metal cages in a pond and fed diets containing fish-meal, cow blood-meal or sorghum was studied. Results indicate that the best growth, feed conversion and protein efficiency ratio were obtained with the diet containing 60% fish-meal. The growth performance of fish on 40% fish-meal, and 40% and 60% blood meal were not significantly different, and were quite close to the performance with 60% fish-meal. The growth and food utilization of fish on 84% sorghum diet was significantly lower than the rest. The Caged fish without supplemental feeding had a light gain in weight. All fish with supplemental feeding appeared healthy. It is concluded that cow blood meal at 40% or 60% inclusion in diet can adequately replace fish-meal in S. niloticus supplemental diet in pond cultur

Partial substitution of concentrates by maize silage in rations for organic dairy cows and its influence on performance and utilization efficiency

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of partial substitution of purchased concentrates with maize silage on feed intake, energy and nutrient supply, milk production and feed utilization efficiency in organic dairy cows. In the experiment, two winter rations were compared. In the experimental group (E) 2/3 of average herd concentrate intake were replaced by maize silage. In group E total dry matter, protein und energy intake was significantly lower than in the control group (C) (16.3 and 17.8 kg, 99 and 110 MJ NEL, 2170 and 2460 g crude protein, respectively). Milk yield decreased in group E by 1.7 kg, which was not statistically significant. Ruminal nitrogen balance and dietary protein to energy ratio was significantly lower in group E as compared to group C (-8 and 22 g, 21 and 24 g/MJ NEL, respectively). The diet for group E had no effect on milk composition, except milk urea content, which was in tendency lower in group E (15 and 17 mg 100ml-1). Estimated milk yield from forage was considerably higher in group E (15.9 vs 13.5 kg). Efficiency of nitrogen (N) utilization was tendencially higher in group E

Penggunaan Bakteri Kandidat Probiotik Pada Pakan Buatan Terhadap Efisiensi Pemanfaatan Pakan, Pertumbuhan Dan Kelulushidupan Lele Dumbo (Clarias Gariepinus)

Pemberian bakteri kandidat probiotik yang berasosiasi di dalam usus lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) pada pakan buatan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan, pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan didalam kultur lele dumbo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan bakteri probiotik terhadap efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan, pertumbuhan, kelulushidupan lele dumbo (C. gariepinus) dan untuk mengetahui jenis bakteri terbaik. Bakteri probiotik yang digunakan adalah Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas putida dimana bakteri tersebut telah di isolasi dari dalam usus lele dumbo. Variabel yang dikaji meliputi efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan, laju pertumbuhan spesifik harian (Specific Growth Rate), dan kelulushidupan (Survival Rate). Penelitian ini menggunakan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan, yaitu perlakuan A (kontrol), B (bakteri probiotik Bacillus subtilis ), C (bakteri probiotik Bacillus licheniformis), dan D (bakteri probiotik Pseudomonas putida) dengan kepadatan bakteri probiotik yang diberikan pada masing-masing perlakuan sebanyak 107 sel/ml. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan B memberikan nilai efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan (EPP), (SGR) dan kelulushidupan (SR) tertinggi (P&lt;0,05), yaitu dengan nilai (67,32 ± 2,63%), (2,95 ± 0,15%) dan (95,00 ± 5,00%). Berdasarkan pada hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan bakteri kandidat probiotik penggunaan bakteri kandidat probiotik memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan dan pertumbuhan lele dumbo, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kelulushidupan lele dumbo. Serta bakteri Bacliius subtilis dengan kepadatan 107 sel/ml dapat meningkatkan nilai EPP, SGR dan SR selama 56 hari pemeliharaan lele dumbo. The addition of probiotic bacteria candidate assosiated in the catfish intestine (Clarias gariepinus) in the artificial feed was able to incrased on feed utilization efficiency (EPP), specific growth rate and survival rate in the culture catfish. The aims of this research was to find out the effect of addition probiotic bacteria on feed utilization efficiency (FUE), specific growth rate (SGR), survival rate (SR) and to know best bacteria strain. Probiotic bacteria in uses is Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas putida where probiotic bacteria the has in isolation in the catfish intestine. The variables examined included the value of the efficiency of feed utilization (EPP), the specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate (SR). This research uses 4 treatment and 3 replicates, that is treatment A (control), B (probiotic bacteria Bacillus subtilis), C (probiotic bacteria Bacillus licheniformis), and D (probiotic bacteria Pseudomonas putida) with density probiotic bacteria in the given each treatment as much 107 sel/ml. The result of this research in the treatment B showed that efficiency of feed utilization score, growth and highest survival rate (P&lt;0,05), that is EPP (67,32± 2,63%), SGR (2,95 ± 0,15%) dan SR (95,00 ± 5,00%). Besed from the result showed that utilization of bacteria probiotic candidate of different feed utilization efficiency and spesifik growth on significantly different effect (P&lt;0,05), but not significantly of survival rate Clarias gariepinus. Bacteria Bacillus subtilis to synthetic feed with density 107 sel/ml can be increase EPP, SGR and SR to maintenancy catfish during 56 day

Pengaruh Pemberian Recombinant Growth Hormone (Rgh) Dengan Dosis Berbeda Pada Pakan Komersial Terhadap Efisiensi Pemanfaatan Pakan, Pertumbuhan Dan Kelulushidupan Benih Ikan Patin (P. Pangasius)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penambahan recombinant Growth Hormone (rGH) pada pakan komersial dengan dosis berbeda terhadap efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan, pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan dan mengetahui perlakuan pemberian recombinant Growth Hormone (rGH) pada pakan komersial yang memberikan efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan, pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan ikan patin (P. pangasius) yang terbaik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Budidaya Perairan Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Jawa Tengah Tengah pada 14 November – 15 Januari 2016. Ikan uji yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ikan patin (P. Pangasius), dengan benih 0,9 - 1,4 g. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini yakni, perlakuan A (pakan + 0 mg/kg), B (pakan + 1 mg/kg), C (pakan + 2 mg/kg), dan D (pakan + 3 mg/kg). Pembuatan larutan rGH untuk 1 kg pakan adalah pencampuran rGH sesuai dosis ditambah kuning telur 20 ml + larutan Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) 100 ml, dicampur &amp; disemprotkan secara merata ke pakan dan diberikan secara at satiation sehari 2 kali. Data yang diamati meliputi TKP, EPP, PER, SGR, SR dan kualitas air. Data dianalisa menggunakan ANOVA untuk melihat perbedaannya, kemudian jika terdapat perbedaan maka dilakukan uji wilayah Duncan untuk melihat perlakuan terbaik. Pendederan benih berlangsung selama 63 hari. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi rGH dan pakan komersial, menunjukkan pengaruh nyata (P&lt;0,05) terhadap TKP, EPP, PER, SGR, panjang mutlak dan SR. Perlakun terbaik terhadap TKP, EPP, PER, SGR, dan SR adalah perlakuan C dengan nilai TKP sebesar 670,36±26,11 gram, EPP sebesar 58,49±0,92%, PER sebesar 1,13±0,02%, SGR sebesar 4,60±0,02%, dan kelulushidupan sebesar 73,33±2,89%. Sehingga perlakuan penambahan rGH dengan dosis 2 mg/kg menghasilkan efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan, pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan terbaik untuk ikan patin (P. pangasius). This research was aimed to assess the effect of giving recombinant Growth Hormone (rGH) in commercial feed with different dosage for food utilization efficiency (FCE), growth and survival rate (SR); and determine the exact dosage of recombinant Growth Hormone (rGH) that provides the best result on food conversion efficiency, growth and survival rate of pangasius fish (P. pangasius). This research was conducted at the Aquaculture Laboratory, University of Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java on November 14 to January 15, 2016. The trial fish used in this research was Fry Pangasius (P. pangasius) with average weight of seed about 0,9 to 1,4 g. The experimental design used was completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates. Which were treatment A (feed + 0 mg / kg); B (feed + 1 mg/kg); C (feed + 2 mg/kg); and D (feed + 3 mg/kg). of rGH for 1 kg of feed is the appropriate dose of rGH mixed with 20 ml egg yolk + solution Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) 100 ml, mixed and sprayed evenly to feed. The methode been used was at satiation (2 times/day). The data observed were involving Food Consumption Rate, Food Utilization Efficiency, Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), Spesific Growth Rate (SGR), absolute length, SR and water quality. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA to see the difference, then if there is a difference then tested with Duncan area to see the best treatment. Trial fish was reared for 63 days. The conclusions shown that the combination of rGH and commercial feed were giving affect significantly (p&lt;0,05) for Food Consumption Rate, Food Utilization Efficiency, PER, SGR, absolute length and SR. Best treatment that affected the value of Food Consumption Rate, Food Utilization Efficiency, PER, SGR, absolute length and SR is treatment C with value of Food Consumption Rate 670,36±26,11 grams, Food Utilization Efficiency 58,49±0,92%, PER 1,13±0,02%, SGR 4,60±0,02%, the absolute length 9,78±0,015 cm and SR 73,33±2,89%. The addition of rGH with dosage of 2 mg/kg was the best treatment for food utilization efficiency, growth and survival rate of Pangasius (P. pangasius)

Pengaruh Dosis Fitase Dalam Pakan Buatan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Efisiensi Pemanfaatan Pakan Benih Nila Larasati (Oreochromis Niloticus)

Penggunaan bahan nabati sebagai sumber protein nabati dalam pakan memiliki kelemahan utama, seperti adanya asam fitat yang menyebabkan mineral-mineral penting dan protein dalam pakan tidak dapat diserap dengan baik oleh tubuh, sehingga efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan tidak maksimal. Penanggulangannya dilakukan dengan cara penambahan enzim eksogenus seperti enzim fitase ke dalam pakan buatan. Enzim fitase akan menghidrolisis asam fitat menjadi inositol dan asam fosfat, sehingga efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan, kecernaan dan penyerapan nutrisi menjadi maksimal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan dosis enzim fitase pada pakan buatan terhadap pertumbuhan, efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan dan kelulushidupan benih nila larasati (O. niloticus). Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah benih nila larasati (O. niloticus) dengan bobot rata-rata 0,72±0,05 g/ekor dan padat tebar 25 ekor/m3. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian adalah penambahan enzim fitase A (0 mg/kg pakan), B (400 mg/kg pakan), C (800 mg/kg pakan) dan D (1.200 mg/kg pakan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan D (1.200 mg/kg pakan) memberikan nilai RGR, EPP dan PER tertinggi yaitu 12,16±0,14% (RGR), 68,38±2,24% (EPP) dan 2,25±0,07 (PER). Kesimpulan yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah pengaruh dosis fitase dalam pakan buatan memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata (P&lt;0,01) terhadap RGR, EPP dan FCR dan berpengaruh nyata (P&lt;0,05) terhadap PER, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata (P&gt;0,05) terhadap SR. Dosis optimal yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan, efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan dan rasio efisiensi protein adalah 1.200 mg/kg pakan yang mampu menghasilkan RGR sebesar 12,2%/hari, EPP sebesar 68,4% dan PER sebesar 2,25%. Kualitas air pada media pemeliharaan berada pada kisaran yang sesuai untuk budidaya ikan nila larasati. The use of plant material as a source of protein in artificial feed currently has major weakness, such as the presence of phytic acid that causesthe essential minerals and protein in the diet can not be absorbed by the body, so the efficiency of feed utilization was not optimal.Countermeasures is done by the addition of exogenous enzymes such as phytase enzyme into artificial feed. Phytase enzyme will hydrolyze phytic acid into inositol and phosphoric acid, so that the absorption of nutrients, feed utilization efficiency and a maximum digestibility. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different doses of phytase enzyme on artificial feed and determine the optimal dose of enzyme phytase on artificial feed to growth, efficiency of feed utilization and survival rate of larasati tilapia (O. niloticus). The fish sample which are used werewith an average weight of 0.72 ± 0.05 g/fish and stocking density 25 fish/m3. This research used experimental methodof completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatment in this study is addition of phytase enzime A (0 mg/kg feed), B (400 mg/kg feed), C (800 mg/kg feed) and D (1,200 mg/kg feed). The results showed that treatment D (1,200 mg/kg feed) value highest of RGR, EPP dan PER is 12.16 ± 0.14% (RGR), 68 , 38 ± 2.24% (EPP) dan 2.25 ± 0.07 (PER). The conclusion of this study is the effect of phytase dose in artificial diet provides highly significant effect (P&lt;0,01) to RGR and EPP and significantly (P &lt;0.05) of the PER. The optimal dose that can promote the growth, efficiency of feed utilization and protein efficiency ratio was 1.200 mg / kg of feed are capable of producing RGR 12.2%/day, EPP amounted to 68.4% and a PER of 2.25%. Maintenance of water quality in the media is in the range that is suitable for the cultivation of tilapia larasati

Effects of Dietary Pelargonium sidoides Extract on Growth Performance in Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio

The effects of graded dietary supplementation of Pelargonium sidoides extract on growth performance, feed utilization, and body composition in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, were preliminarily evaluated. Fish (0.67±0.05 g) were fed experimental diets containing 0, 1, 3, or 5 ml/100 g P. sidoides extract for 90 days. Growth rate significantly (p<0.05) increased in carp fed supplemented diets. The specific growth rate ranged from 2.87±0.09 in the control to 3.41±0.11 in fish fed the diet supplemented with 5 ml P. sidoides. The feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and apparent net protein utilization were significantly better in groups fed diets with 3 or 5 ml P. sidoides extract than in the control or 1 ml group. The highest protein content (19.65%) was obtained with 3 ml supplementation. The present study shows that P. sidoides extract has a positive effect on carp growth and feed utilization with no apparent effects on health status