2,851,239 research outputs found
Entre le droit à l'éducation et une culture de migration: le choix des enfants roms à Genève
Le droit pénal suisse des mineurs est entré en vigueur le 1er janvier 2007 après une gestation de plus de vingt ans. Il s’applique aux enfants infracteurs dès l’âge de 10 ans. Ce seuil de minorité pénale est parmi les plus bas d’Europe et du monde. Il suscite les critiques, notamment de la part du Comité des droits de l’enfant. L’avant-projet soumis en consultation prévoyait un seuil plus élevé (12 ans), qui semblait faire consensus. Le Conseil fédéral ne l’a pourtant pas retenu dans son message aux Chambres et le Parlement s’est accordé sur l’âge actuel. Au fil d’un parcours historique et sur la base des résultats de la procédure de consultation lancée en 1993, ce travail aborde la thématique sous un angle interdisciplinaire et s’attache à comprendre les motivations des acteurs consultés et du Conseil fédéral pour ne pas augmenter l’âge minimum de l’intervention pénale à la hauteur recommandée par les experts. Il met également en perspective les positions des uns et des autres à la lumière des enseignements de la Convention des droits de l’enfant et des derniers développements débattus par des acteurs importants dans le champ des droits de l’enfant
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Fe-Ni Sulphides as Indicators of Alteration in CM Chondrites
This study looks at the sulphide abundance and composition of Fe-Ni sulphide grains in 12 CM chondrites to determine an alteration sequence for these chondrites
Concomitant infections, parasites and immune responses.
Concomitant infections are common in nature and often involve parasites. A number of examples of the interactions between protozoa and viruses, protozoa and bacteria, protozoa and other protozoa, protozoa and helminths, helminths and viruses, helminths and bacteria, and helminths and other helminths are described. In mixed infections the burden of one or both the infectious agents may be increased, one or both may be suppressed or one may be increased and the other suppressed. It is now possible to explain many of these interactions in terms of the effects parasites have on the immune system, particularly parasite-induced immunodepression, and the effects of cytokines controlling polarization to the Th1 or Th2 arms of the immune response. In addition, parasites may be affected, directly or indirectly, by cytokines and other immune effector molecules and parasites may themselves produce factors that affect the cells of the immune system. Parasites are, therefore, affected when they themselves, or other organisms, interact with the immune response and, in particular, the cytokine network. The importance of such interactions is discussed in relation to clinical disease and the development and use of vaccines
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Fe-Ni Sulphides within a CM1 clast in Tagish Lake
The composition, abundance and mineral associations of Fe-Ni sulphides within a CM1 clast in Tagish Lake are described, and compared with Fe-Ni sulphides in the carbonate-rich and carbonate-poor lithology of Tagish Lake, as well as Fe-Ni sulphides from CI and CM chondrites
Does preschool boost the development of minority children?: The case of Roma children
Does universal preschool constitute an effective policy tool to promote the development and integration of children from minority groups? In the light of rising cross border migration and increasing ethnic variation in many developed countries, we address this question for the children of the Roma - the largest and most disadvantaged minority in Europe. To tackle the issue of non-random selection into preschool, we exploit variation in the individual distance to the nearest preschool facility. Non-parametric instrumental variable estimations reveal significant short-term gains in terms of children›s verbal and analytical skills. Preschool attendance also increases the prevalence of vaccinations, but has no effect on other health outcomes. Overall, it also does not seem to enhance integration measured by language proficiency and peer relations, at least not in the short-run
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Fe-Mg composition and modal abundance of martian silicates by Mössbauer spectrometry
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