141,459 research outputs found
A deep learning framework for quality assessment and restoration in video endoscopy
Endoscopy is a routine imaging technique used for both diagnosis and
minimally invasive surgical treatment. Artifacts such as motion blur, bubbles,
specular reflections, floating objects and pixel saturation impede the visual
interpretation and the automated analysis of endoscopy videos. Given the
widespread use of endoscopy in different clinical applications, we contend that
the robust and reliable identification of such artifacts and the automated
restoration of corrupted video frames is a fundamental medical imaging problem.
Existing state-of-the-art methods only deal with the detection and restoration
of selected artifacts. However, typically endoscopy videos contain numerous
artifacts which motivates to establish a comprehensive solution.
We propose a fully automatic framework that can: 1) detect and classify six
different primary artifacts, 2) provide a quality score for each frame and 3)
restore mildly corrupted frames. To detect different artifacts our framework
exploits fast multi-scale, single stage convolutional neural network detector.
We introduce a quality metric to assess frame quality and predict image
restoration success. Generative adversarial networks with carefully chosen
regularization are finally used to restore corrupted frames.
Our detector yields the highest mean average precision (mAP at 5% threshold)
of 49.0 and the lowest computational time of 88 ms allowing for accurate
real-time processing. Our restoration models for blind deblurring, saturation
correction and inpainting demonstrate significant improvements over previous
methods. On a set of 10 test videos we show that our approach preserves an
average of 68.7% which is 25% more frames than that retained from the raw
videos.Comment: 14 page
Inkjet Printing of Functional Electronic Memory Cells: A Step Forward to Green Electronics
open access journalNowadays, the environmental issues surrounding the production of electronics, from the
perspectives of both the materials used and the manufacturing process, are of major concern. The
usage, storage, disposal protocol and volume of waste material continue to increase the environmental
footprint of our increasingly “throw away society”. Almost ironically, society is increasingly involved
in pollution prevention, resource consumption issues and post-consumer waste management. Clearly,
a dichotomy between environmentally aware usage and consumerism exists. The current technology
used to manufacture functional materials and electronic devices requires high temperatures for material
deposition processes, which results in the generation of harmful chemicals and radiation. With such
issues in mind, it is imperative to explore new electronic functional materials and new manufacturing
pathways. Here, we explore the potential of additive layer manufacturing, inkjet printing technology
which provides an innovative manufacturing pathway for functional materials (metal nanoparticles
and polymers), and explore a fully printed two terminal electronic memory cell. In this work, inkjetable
materials (silver (Ag) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS))
were first printed by a piezoelectric Epson Stylus P50 inkjet printer as stand-alone layers, and secondly
as part of a metal (Ag)/active layer (PEDOT:PSS)/metal (Ag) crossbar architecture. The quality of the
individual multi-layers of the printed Ag and PEDOT:PSS was first evaluated via optical microscopy
and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, an electrical characterisation of the printed
memory elements was performed using an HP4140B picoammeter
DeepKey: Towards End-to-End Physical Key Replication From a Single Photograph
This paper describes DeepKey, an end-to-end deep neural architecture capable
of taking a digital RGB image of an 'everyday' scene containing a pin tumbler
key (e.g. lying on a table or carpet) and fully automatically inferring a
printable 3D key model. We report on the key detection performance and describe
how candidates can be transformed into physical prints. We show an example
opening a real-world lock. Our system is described in detail, providing a
breakdown of all components including key detection, pose normalisation,
bitting segmentation and 3D model inference. We provide an in-depth evaluation
and conclude by reflecting on limitations, applications, potential security
risks and societal impact. We contribute the DeepKey Datasets of 5, 300+ images
covering a few test keys with bounding boxes, pose and unaligned mask data.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figure
Single-shot layered reflectance separation using a polarized light field camera
We present a novel computational photography technique for single shot separation of diffuse/specular reflectance as well as novel angular domain separation of layered reflectance. Our solution consists of a two-way polarized light field (TPLF) camera which simultaneously captures two orthogonal states of polarization. A single photograph of a subject acquired with the TPLF camera under polarized illumination then enables standard separation of diffuse (depolarizing) and polarization preserving specular reflectance using light field sampling. We further demonstrate that the acquired data also enables novel angular separation of layered reflectance including separation of specular reflectance and single scattering in the polarization preserving component, and separation of shallow scattering from deep scattering in the depolarizing component. We apply our approach for efficient acquisition of facial reflectance including diffuse and specular normal maps, and novel separation of photometric normals into layered reflectance normals for layered facial renderings. We demonstrate our proposed single shot layered reflectance separation to be comparable to an existing multi-shot technique that relies on structured lighting while achieving separation results under a variety of illumination conditions
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