Facial Feature Extraction Using a 4D Stereo Camera System

Facial feature recognition has received much attention among the researchers in computer vision. This paper presents a new approach for facial feature extraction. The work can be broadly classified into two stages, face acquisition and feature extraction. Face acquisition is done by a 4D stereo camera system from Dimensional Imaging and the data is available in ‘obj’ files generated by the camera system. The second stage illustrates extraction of important facial features. The algorithm developed for this purpose is inspired from the natural biological shape and structure of human face. The accuracy of identifying the facial points has been shown using simulation results. The algorithm is able to identify the tip of the nose, the point where nose meets the forehead, and near corners of both the eyes from the faces acquired by the camera system

Cognitive Science to Deduct the Classification of Facial Image, Face Verification and Age Estimation

This chapter deals with the following:- Cognitive Science is used  To classify using DTOD; verify with  training set using Maximum Likelihood Classifier; calculate human age with BPNN and to know parameters  with respect to the classification of facial image, verification and  estimatio

The effects of Pose on Facial Expression Recognition

Research into facial expression recognition has predominantly been based upon near frontal view data. However, a recent 3D facial expression database (BU-3DFE database) has allowed empirical investigation of facial expression recognition across pose. In this paper, we investigate the effects of pose from frontal to profile view on facial expression recognition. Experiments are carried out on 100 subjects with 5 yaw angles over 6 prototypical expressions. Expressions have 4 levels of intensity from subtle to exaggerated. We evaluate features such as local binary patterns (LBPs) as well as various extensions of LBPs. In addition, a novel approach to facial expression recognition is proposed using local gabor binary patterns (LGBPs). Multi class support vector machines (SVMs) are used for classification. We investigate the effects of image resolution and pose on facial expression classification using a variety of different features

A SURVEY : FACE RECOGNITION UNDER OCCLUSION CONDITION

IndiaFace recognition is a pattern recognition task performed specifically on faces. It can be described as classifying a face either “known” or unknown, after comparing with stored known individuals. It is also desirable to have a system that has the ability of learning to recognize unknown faces. Computational models of face recognition must address several difficulat problems. This difficulty arises from the face that faces must be represented in a way that best utilizes the available face information to distinguish a particular face fro all other faces. Faces pose a particularly difficult in this respect because all faces are similar to one another in that they contain the same set of features such as eyes, nose mouth arranges in roughly the same manner. There are several types of face recogniton systems discussed in the literature. Geometry and templates, Template matching, Dynamic Deformable Templates, Independent Component Analysis, Wavelets, Gabor Fisher Classifiers, Hidden Markow Models and Neural Network. This survey will be very useful for any future scholars to work in this domain using all the collected references

FACIAL EXPRESSION RECOGNITION USING ADVANCED LOCAL BINARY PATTERNS, TSALLIS ENTROPIES AND GLOBAL APPEARANCE FEATURES

This paper proposes a novel facial expression recognition approach based on two sets of features extracted from the face images: texture features and global appearance features. The first set is obtained by using the extended local binary patterns in both intensity and gradient maps and computing the Tsallis entropy of the Gabor filtered responses. The second set of features is obtained by performing nullspace based linear discriminant analysis on the training face images. The proposed method is evaluated by extensive experiments on the JAFFE database, and compared with two widely used facial expression recognition approaches. Experimental results show that the proposed approach maintains high recognition rate in a wide range of resolution levels and outperforms the other alternative methods. Index Terms — Face recognition, Machine vision, 1

Innovative local texture descriptors with application to eye detection

Local Binary Patterns (LBP), which is one of the well-known texture descriptors, has broad applications in pattern recognition and computer vision. The attractive properties of LBP are its tolerance to illumination variations and its computational simplicity. However, LBP only compares a pixel with those in its own neighborhood and encodes little information about the relationship of the local texture with the features. This dissertation introduces a new Feature Local Binary Patterns (FLBP) texture descriptor that can compare a pixel with those in its own neighborhood as well as in other neighborhoods and encodes the information of both local texture and features. The features encoded in FLBP are broadly defined, such as edges, Gabor wavelet features, and color features. Specifically, a binary image is first derived by extracting feature pixels from a given image, and then a distance vector field is obtained by computing the distance vector between each pixel and its nearest feature pixel defined in the binary image. Based on the distance vector field and the FLBP parameters, the FLBP representation of the given image is derived. The feasibility of the proposed FLBP is demonstrated on eye detection using the BioID and the FERET databases. Experimental results show that the FLBP method significantly improves upon the LBP method in terms of both the eye detection rate and the eye center localization accuracy. As LBP is sensitive to noise especially in near-uniform image regions, Local Ternary Patterns (LTP) was proposed to address this problem by extending LBP to three-valued codes. However, further research reveals that both LTP and LBP achieve similar results for face and facial expression recognition, while LTP has a higher computational cost than LBP. To improve upon LTP, this dissertation introduces another new local texture descriptor: Local Quaternary Patterns (LQP) and its extension, Feature Local Quaternary Patterns (FLQP). LQP encodes four relationships of local texture, and therefore, it includes more information of local texture than the LBP and the LTP. FLQP, which encodes both local and feature information, is expected to perform even better than LQP for texture description and pattern analysis. The LQP and FLQP are applied to eye detection on the BioID database. Experimental results show that both FLQP and LQP achieve better eye detection performance than FLTP, LTP, FLBP and LBP. The FLQP method achieves the highest eye detection rate

Face recognition using statistical adapted local binary patterns.

Biometrics is the study of methods of recognizing humans based on their behavioral and physical characteristics or traits. Face recognition is one of the biometric modalities that received a great amount of attention from many researchers during the past few decades because of its potential applications in a variety of security domains. Face recognition however is not only concerned with recognizing human faces, but also with recognizing faces of non-biological entities or avatars. Fortunately, the need for secure and affordable virtual worlds is attracting the attention of many researchers who seek to find fast, automatic and reliable ways to identify virtual worlds’ avatars. In this work, I propose new techniques for recognizing avatar faces, which also can be applied to recognize human faces. Proposed methods are based mainly on a well-known and efficient local texture descriptor, Local Binary Pattern (LBP). I am applying different versions of LBP such as: Hierarchical Multi-scale Local Binary Patterns and Adaptive Local Binary Pattern with Directional Statistical Features in the wavelet space and discuss the effect of this application on the performance of each LBP version. In addition, I use a new version of LBP called Local Difference Pattern (LDP) with other well-known descriptors and classifiers to differentiate between human and avatar face images. The original LBP achieves high recognition rate if the tested images are pure but its performance gets worse if these images are corrupted by noise. To deal with this problem I propose a new definition to the original LBP in which the LBP descriptor will not threshold all the neighborhood pixel based on the central pixel value. A weight for each pixel in the neighborhood will be computed, a new value for each pixel will be calculated and then using simple statistical operations will be used to compute the new threshold, which will change automatically, based on the pixel’s values. This threshold can be applied with the original LBP or any other version of LBP and can be extended to work with Local Ternary Pattern (LTP) or any version of LTP to produce different versions of LTP for recognizing noisy avatar and human faces images

Healthcare system focusing on emotional aspect -Using augmented reality， facial expression and ECG-

芝浦工業大学201