Concurrent Validity of the Face Valid Food Security Measure

Our objective was to assess the concurrent validity of the face valid food security categorical algorithm with Hawaii residents. We also hypothesized that there would be differences in food security status between ethnic groups. We used the 18 question indicators of the Core Food Security Module (CFSM) to develop the face valid food security measure. The “face valid” measure was created previously by this research team as a more valid food security measure in Hawaii. Findings compared the face valid categorical measure and the CFSM scale measure with various demographic, economic, dietary variables, and use of assistance programs. The sample included 1,603 Hawaii residents drawn from a statewide telephone survey and a survey of charitable food recipients. Statistical analysis included ANOVA, chi-square, and regression analysis of food security measures with related variables. In general, progressively deteriorating food security status resulted in concurrent decreases in vegetable intake, increased reliance on a cheap, high-fat, high-sodium noodle product, and increased reliance on resource augmentation behaviors. Factors such as a greater number of children, limited savings, and recent loss of a job were found to compromise food security status. WIC benefits, frequent use of a food pantry, and the presence of a senior adult in the household appeared protective. In this sample Asians, except for Filipinos, were more food secure; Hawaiians and Part-Hawaiians, and Samoans, were more likely to experience hunger. Findings were consistent with previous work and suggest that the face valid food security measure does exhibit concurrent validity.

Development of patient information leaflets for fixed, removable, and functional appliances for Arabic-speaking orthodontic patients

Objective: To develop Orthodontic Patient Information Leaflets (PILs) in Arabic. Material &amp; method: This study included five phases starting with Arabic translation of existing British Orthodontic Society leaflets; initial face validation with three orthodontists; content validation with ten orthodontists; final face validation with ten orthodontists, five postgraduate students, and ten patients; and re-translation to English prior to comparing the new documents with the original PILs to verify that all the necessary information were included. The content validity index (CVI) assessed item level (I-CVI) and scale level (S-CVI). Results: The three Arabic PILs were face validated with inclusion of mini-screws, rapid maxillary expansion, and interproximal reduction. Content validity was perfect with no item I-CVI < 0.80. The S-CVI/Ave for PIL Fixed Appliances = 0.98, PIL Removable Appliances = 0.98 and PIL Functional Appliances = 0.97. In the final face validation, the three leaflets received 100% agreement from all observers for consistency of leaflet format and style, clarity, readability and use of adequate phrases. Finally, the leaflets were re-translated and the information was checked by native English speakers to ensure the completeness of information. There were no discrepancies and face validity was excellent. Conclusion: Valid PILs for Arabic-speaking patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed, removable, and functional appliances have been developed

The Way We Measure: Comparison of Methods to Derive Radial Surface Brightness Profiles

The breaks and truncations in the luminosity profile of face-on spiral galaxies offer valuable insights in their formation history. The traditional method of deriving the surface photometry profile for face-on galaxies is to use elliptical averaging. In this paper, we explore the question whether elliptical averaging is the best way to do this. We apply two additional surface photometry methods, one new: principle axis summation, and one old that has become seldom used: equivalent profiles. These are compared to elliptically averaged profiles using a set of 29 face-on galaxies. We find that the equivalent profiles match extremely well with elliptically averaged profiles, confirming the validity of using elliptical averaging. The principle axis summation offers a better comparison to edge-on galaxies.Comment: Accepted for publication by Monthly Notices of the R.A.S. A hi-res version is available at http://www.astro.rug.nl/~vdkruit/Petersetal-VI.pd

A quality of life measure for limb lymphoedema (LYMQOL)

Background: This paper describes the validation of a 'condition-specific' quality of life (QoL) assessment tool for lymphoedema of the limbs (LYMQOL). Aims: To ascertain whether the tool could accurately assess QoL in this patient group. Methods: Face and content validity were assessed by patient questionnaires; criterion validity by comparison with European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire - Core 30 questions (EORTC QLQ-C30); internal validity by Cronbach's Alpha and split half-testing of each domain; reliability by the test-retest method; construct validity by comparing LYMQOL score with initial limb volume and responsiveness by measuring changes in score following treatment. Results: The tool was validated in a total of 209 patients. Face, content, criterion and interval validity were supported. However, there was no correlation between initial limb volume and LYMQOL score (construct validity), a finding which is similar to that from other studies. The validation of responsiveness was limited by the small numbers of responses at three and six months after the initial assessment. Conclusions: LYMQOL is a validated condition-specific QoL assessment tool which can be used for lymphoedema of the limbs both in clinical assessment and as an outcome measure

Internal Consistency and Reliability of the Networked Minds\ud Measure of Social Presence

This study sought to develop and test a measure\ud of social presence. Based on review of current\ud definitions and measures, a synthesis of the\ud theoretical construct that meets the criteria and\ud dimensions [1] is proposed for a broad successful\ud measure of social presence. An experiment was\ud conducted to test the internal consistency and\ud criterion validity of the measures as determined by\ud theory, specifically the ability of the measure to\ud distinguish levels of social presence that almost all\ud theories suggest exist between (1) face-to-face\ud interaction and mediated interaction, and (2)\ud different levels of mediated interaction

Emotions and scope effects in the monetary valuation of health

JEL classifications: H41 H51 I11 I18 I31This study presents evidence on the role of emotions in the monetary evaluation of health technologies, namely, drug-eluting stents (DES) in our case. It is shown that subjects who are very afraid of having to undergo an angioplasty are: (a) less sensitive to the size of the risk reduction provided by DES and (b) willing to pay more. The lack of scope sensitivity questions the normative validity of the responses of highly emotional subjects. We provide evidence of this effect using what we call the cognitive-emotional random utility model and the responses of a face-to-face, computer-assisted personal interview survey conducted in a representative sample of the Spanish general population (n = 1663).3253150,9922,169Q1Q1SSC

Development and validation of the Midwife Profiling Questionnaire assessing women’s preferred perinatal care professional and knowledge of midwives’ legal competences

Objectives: Currently maternity care organisation is developing worldwide. Therefore insight in the position of the midwife is important. The 'Midwife Profiling Questionnaire′ (MidProQ) measures women’s preferred perinatal care professional and their knowledge of midwives’ legal competences. MidProQ is based on the European legal framework and was tested in a pilot study. This study aims to determine its content and face validity. Study design.: A two-phase validation study with a Delphi method questioning content experts (n=10) on items relevance and clarity as well as its scale and face validity. Further semi-structured interviews were performed with lay experts (n=10) to evaluate the questionnaire’s clarity, layout, phrasing and wording. Results: After round one, most questions (42/47) were considered content valid for relevance and clarity (Item Content Validity Index 0.80–1.00). Scale (Scale Content Validity Index 0.92) and face validity (Face Validity Index 0.89) of the entire instrument was obtained. Five questions were revised until item content (0.83–1.00), scale content (0.92) and face validity (1.00) were appropriate. Lay experts’ suggestions for improving the readability and usability were taken into account. Conclusions: We developed a valid instrument to elicit women’s preferred health professional for uncomplicated pregnancy, labour and childbirth and to determine their knowledge about midwives’ legal competences. Our instrument can be valuable in identifying knowledge gaps and improving the knowledge of the general population about the midwifery profession and maternity care. Finally, the MidProQ may improve research in the domain of maternity care culture, scale up midwifery and facilitate a more women-centred care

Evidence on the Value of Strategic Planning in Marketing: How Much Planning Should a Marketing Planner Plan?

What evidence exists on the value of formal planning for strategic decision-making in marketing? This paper reviews the evidence. This includes two tests of face validity. First, we use the market test: Are formal procedures used for marketing planning? Next, we examine expert prescriptions: What do they say is the best way to plan? More important than face validity, however, are tests of construct or predictive validity: What empirical evidence exists on the relative value of formal and informal approaches to marketing planning? The paper concludes with suggestions on the types of research that would be most useful for measuring the value of formal marketing planning. Before reviewing the evidence, we present a framework for the formal planning process.strategic planning, marketing