Overtone spectra and intensities of tetrahedral molecules in boson-realization models

The stretching and bending vibrational spectrum and the intensities of infrared transitions in a tetrahedral molecule are studied in two boson-realization models, where the interactions between stretching and bending vibrations are described by a quadratic cross term and by Fermi resonance terms, called harmonically coupled and Fermi resonance boson-realization model, respectively. The later is a development of our recent model. As an example, the two models are applied to the overtone spectrum and the intensities of silicon tetrafluorde. Those models provide fits to the published experimental vibrational eigenvalues with standard deviations 1.956 cm$^{-1}$ and 0.908 cm$^{-1}$, respectively. The intensities of infrared transitions of its complete vibrations are calculated in the two models, and results show a good agreement with the observed data.Comment: 14 pages Revtex, no figure, to appear in Annals of Physic

Fiscal regulation and expenditure pattern in Maharashtra state

The Fiscal Responsibility and Budgetary Management Act of 2004 has improved state finances of Maharashtra, India. It has also reduced fiscal deficit for state. The sources of income from various state own tax revenue have increased except other taxes on income and expenditure. There is further scope for improving sources of state own tax revenue. After the FRBM Act, the development expenditure on irrigation and flood control, industry and mining has declined in the state. It is statistically significant and negatively co-related. The development expenditure on education sports, arts & culture, science, technology & environment, and transport & communication has significantly increased. In order to control the fiscal deficit, state government should apply strict methods to reduce the non development expenditure. It should increase development expenditure which has long term effect on overall economic development.Fiscal deficit, Development expenditure, Fiscal responsibility, budgetary management

Linearity Testing Against a Fuzzy Rule-based Model

In this paper, we introduce a linearity test for fuzzy rule-based models in the framework of time series modeling. To do so, we explore a family of statistical models, the regime switching autoregressive models, and the relations that link them to the fuzzy rule-based models. From these relations, we derive a Lagrange Multiplier linearity test and some properties of the maximum likelihood estimator needed for it. Finally, an empirical study of the goodness of the test is presented.fuzzy rule-based models, time series, linearity test, statistical inference

Fiscal Policy Issues for India after the Global Financial Crisis (2008-2010)

The need for fiscal consolidation and sustainability is one of the key macroeconomic issues confronting Indian economy. This paper attempts to understand India's current fiscal situation, its likely future development, and its impact on the economy in the context of a weak global recovery from the current crisis. The impact of the global crisis has been transmitted to the Indian economy through three distinct channels, namely: the financial sector, exports, and exchange rates. The other significant channel of impact is the slump in business and consumer confidence leading to decrease in investment and consumption demand. The Indian government, to boost the demand, has announced several stimulus packages. However, there is not much room for further fiscal policy action as the consolidated fiscal deficit of the central and state governments in 2009-2010 is already about 11% of the gross domestic product (GDP). Any further increase in the fiscal deficit to GDP ratio could invite a sharp downgrading of India's credit rating and a loss of business confidence. The paper reviews the existing theories on the relationship between fiscal deficit and growth. It also analyzes the past trends and policy measures to understand the possible implications for economic recovery and long run growth in the Indian context. It also provides a long-term forecast of the fiscal deficit and public debt burden based on the past trends. Finally, the paper suggests a set of policy measures to get the Indian economy back on the path of sustained rapid and inclusive growth.indian public finance; global financial crisis; deficit forecasts; fiscal policies

New issues in Indian macro policy.

Macroeconomic policy thinking in India has been rooted in an environment with five key parameters: agricultural shocks rather than a conventional business cycle, a closed economy, deeply distortionary tax policy coupled with a fiscal crisis, financial markets that lacked speculative price discovery, and a monetary policy shaped by deficit financing. This environment has been completely altered through India's integration into the world economy, the rise of one financial market (the equity market), the reduced importance of the monsoon, the rise of conventional business cycle dynamics, a partial abatement of the fiscal crisis and a monetary policy environment with loss of autonomy owing to exchange rate pegging. These changes call for a rethink of the macroeconomic policy framework. The agenda of assuring fiscal stability needs to be seen to its conclusion. Monetary policy and fiscal policy need to be converted into tools for macroeconomic stabilisation.Macroeconomics

Fiscal policy economic reforms.

Given a parctitioner's perspective of fiscal policy and economic reforms based on his working experience from different Indian and International government institutions.Fiscal Policy ; Economic Reforms

Assessing the fiscal capacity of Indian governments

In this paper we assess the record of different post reform governments in meeting their targets and improving both delivery and finances. A variety of indices are constructed, and consistency checks devised to measure relative performance. No government has achieved its targets, but the congress has the best record in keeping its promises, and the NDA was most effective in reducing deficits. In the last year of the UPA the deadline effect helped meet expenditure targets, but at the cost of large deficits. The negative effect of the growth dividend on government debt and deficits is established, but the failure of government finances to improve commensurate with this, suggests further improvement in expenditure management is required. Four principles on which to base these improvements are identified.Expenditure, Deficits; Governments; Delivery