γ5\gamma_{5} in FDH

We investigate the regularization-scheme dependent treatment of $\gamma_{5}$ in the framework of dimensional regularization, mainly focusing on the four-dimensional helicity scheme (FDH). Evaluating distinctive examples, we find that for one-loop calculations, the recently proposed four-dimensional formulation (FDF) of the FDH scheme constitutes a viable and efficient alternative compared to more traditional approaches. In addition, we extend the considerations to the two-loop level and compute the pseudo-scalar form factors of quarks and gluons in FDH. We provide the necessary operator renormalization and discuss at a practical level how the complexity of intermediate calculational steps can be reduced in an efficient way.Comment: 28 pages, 7 figure

Computation of H→ggH\to gg in FDH and DRED: renormalization, operator mixing, and explicit two-loop results

The $H\to gg$ amplitude relevant for Higgs production via gluon fusion is computed in the four-dimensional helicity scheme (FDH) and in dimensional reduction (DRED) at the two-loop level. The required renormalization is developed and described in detail, including the treatment of evanescent $\epsilon$-scalar contributions. In FDH and DRED there are additional dimension-5 operators generating the $H g g$ vertices, where $g$ can either be a gluon or an $\epsilon$-scalar. An appropriate operator basis is given and the operator mixing through renormalization is described. The results of the present paper provide building blocks for further computations, and they allow to complete the study of the infrared divergence structure of two-loop amplitudes in FDH and DRED

The Four Dimensional Helicity Scheme Beyond One Loop

I describe a procedure by which one can transform scattering amplitudes computed in the four dimensional helicity scheme into properly renormalized amplitudes in the 't Hooft-Veltman scheme. I describe a new renormalization program, based upon that of the dimensional reduction scheme and explain how to remove both finite and infrared-singular contributions of the evanescent degrees of freedom to the scattering amplitude.Comment: 20 page

Two-loop off-shell QCD amplitudes in FDR

We link the FDR treatment of ultraviolet (UV) divergences to dimensional regularization up to two loops in QCD. This allows us to derive the one-loop and two-loop coupling constant and quark mass shifts necessary to translate infrared finite quantities computed in FDR to the MSbar renormalization scheme. As a by-product of our analysis, we solve a problem analogous to the breakdown of unitarity in the Four Dimensional Helicity (FDH) method beyond one loop. A fix to FDH is then presented that preserves the renormalizability properties of QCD without introducing evanescent quantities.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figure

Economic Optimization of Fiber Optic Network Design in Anchorage

Presented to the Faculty of the University of Alaska Anchorage in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING MANAGEMENTThe wireline telecommunications industry is currently involved in an evolution. Growing bandwidth demands are putting pressure on the capabilities of outdated copper based networks. These demands are being meet by replacing these copper based networks with fiber optic networks. Unfortunately, telecommunications decision makers are tasked with figuring out how best to deploy these networks with little ability to plan, organize, lead, or control these large projects. This project introduces a novel approach to designing fiber optic access networks. By leveraging well known clustering and routing techniques to produce sound network design, decision makers will better understand how to divide service areas, where to place fiber, and how much fiber should be placed. Combining this output with other typical measures of costs and revenue, the decision maker will also be able to focus on the business areas that will provide the best outcome when undertaking this transformational evolution of physical networks.Introduction / Background / Clustering, Routing, and the Model / Results and Analysis / Conclusion / Reference

SCET approach to regularization-scheme dependence of QCD amplitudes

We investigate the regularization-scheme dependence of scattering amplitudes in massless QCD and find that the four-dimensional helicity scheme (FDH) and dimensional reduction (DRED) are consistent at least up to NNLO in the perturbative expansion if renormalization is done appropriately. Scheme dependence is shown to be deeply linked to the structure of UV and IR singularities. We use jet and soft functions defined in soft-collinear effective theory (SCET) to efficiently extract the relevant anomalous dimensions in the different schemes. This result allows us to construct transition rules for scattering amplitudes between different schemes (CDR, HV, FDH, DRED) up to NNLO in massless QCD. We also show by explicit calculation that the hard, soft and jet functions in SCET are regularization-scheme independent.Comment: 46 pages, 6 figure

Two-loop results on the renormalization of vacuum expectation values and infrared divergences in the FDH scheme

Recent progress in the understanding of vacuum expectation values and of infrared divergences in different regularization schemes is reviewed. Vacuum expectation values are gauge and renormalization-scheme dependent quantities. Using a method based on Slavnov-Taylor identities, the renormalization properties could be better understood. The practical outcome is the computation of the beta functions for vacuum expectation values in general gauge theories. The infrared structure of gauge theory amplitudes depends on the regularization scheme. The well-known prediction of the infrared structure in CDR can be generalized to the FDH and DRED schemes and is in agreement with explicit computations of the quark and gluon form factors. We discuss particularly the correct renormalization procedure and the distinction between MSbar and DRbar renormalization. An important practical outcome are transition rules between CDR and FDH amplitudes.Comment: 8 pages, proceedings for Loops and Legs in Quantum Field Theory 2014, Weimar, German

Supersymmetric Regularization, Two-Loop QCD Amplitudes and Coupling Shifts

We present a definition of the four-dimensional helicity (FDH) regularization scheme valid for two or more loops. This scheme was previously defined and utilized at one loop. It amounts to a variation on the standard 't Hooft-Veltman scheme and is designed to be compatible with the use of helicity states for "observed" particles. It is similar to dimensional reduction in that it maintains an equal number of bosonic and fermionic states, as required for preserving supersymmetry. Supersymmetry Ward identities relate different helicity amplitudes in supersymmetric theories. As a check that the FDH scheme preserves supersymmetry, at least through two loops, we explicitly verify a number of these identities for gluon-gluon scattering (gg to gg) in supersymmetric QCD. These results also cross-check recent non-trivial two-loop calculations in ordinary QCD. Finally, we compute the two-loop shift between the FDH coupling and the standard MS-bar coupling, alpha_s. The FDH shift is identical to the one for dimensional reduction. The two-loop coupling shifts are then used to obtain the three-loop QCD beta function in the FDH and dimensional reduction schemes.Comment: 44 pages, minor corrections and clarifications include