97,307 research outputs found
A spatial capture-recapture model for territorial species
Advances in field techniques have lead to an increase in spatially-referenced
capture-recapture data to estimate a species' population size as well as other
demographic parameters and patterns of space usage. Statistical models for
these data have assumed that the number of individuals in the population and
their spatial locations follow a homogeneous Poisson point process model, which
implies that the individuals are uniformly and independently distributed over
the spatial domain of interest. In many applications there is reason to
question independence, for example when species display territorial behavior.
In this paper, we propose a new statistical model which allows for dependence
between locations to account for avoidance or territorial behavior. We show via
a simulation study that accounting for this can improve population size
estimates. The method is illustrated using a case study of small mammal
trapping data to estimate avoidance and population density of adult female
field voles (Microtus agrestis) in northern England
Exploring Topic-based Language Models for Effective Web Information Retrieval
The main obstacle for providing focused search is the relative opaqueness of search request -- searchers tend to express their complex information needs in only a couple of keywords. Our overall aim is to find out if, and how, topic-based language models can lead to more effective web information retrieval. In this paper we explore retrieval performance of a topic-based model that combines topical models with other language models based on cross-entropy. We first define our topical categories and train our topical models on the .GOV2 corpus by building parsimonious language models. We then test the topic-based model on TREC8 small Web data collection for ad-hoc search.Our experimental results show that the topic-based model outperforms the standard language model and parsimonious model
Predicting Network Attacks Using Ontology-Driven Inference
Graph knowledge models and ontologies are very powerful modeling and re
asoning tools. We propose an effective approach to model network attacks and
attack prediction which plays important roles in security management. The goals
of this study are: First we model network attacks, their prerequisites and
consequences using knowledge representation methods in order to provide
description logic reasoning and inference over attack domain concepts. And
secondly, we propose an ontology-based system which predicts potential attacks
using inference and observing information which provided by sensory inputs. We
generate our ontology and evaluate corresponding methods using CAPEC, CWE, and
CVE hierarchical datasets. Results from experiments show significant capability
improvements comparing to traditional hierarchical and relational models.
Proposed method also reduces false alarms and improves intrusion detection
effectiveness.Comment: 9 page
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