10,329 research outputs found
Modelling of self-driven particles: foraging ants and pedestrians
Models for the behavior of ants and pedestrians are studied in an unified way
in this paper. Each ant follows pheromone put by preceding ants, hence creating
a trail on the ground, while pedestrians also try to follow others in a crowd
for efficient and safe walking. These following behaviors are incorporated in
our stochastic models by using only local update rules for computational
efficiency. It is demonstrated that the ant trail model shows an unusual
non-monotonic dependence of the average speed of the ants on their density,
which can be well analyzed by the zero-range process. We also show that this
anomalous behavior is clearly observed in an experiment of multiple robots.
Next, the relation between the ant trail model and the floor field model for
studying evacuation dynamics of pedestrians is discussed. The latter is
regarded as a two-dimensional generalization of the ant trail model, where the
pheromone is replaced by footprints.Comment: 15 pages, 11 Postscript figures, uses elsart.cl
Counterflow Extension for the F.A.S.T.-Model
The F.A.S.T. (Floor field and Agent based Simulation Tool) model is a
microscopic model of pedestrian dynamics, which is discrete in space and time.
It was developed in a number of more or less consecutive steps from a simple CA
model. This contribution is a summary of a study on an extension of the
F.A.S.T-model for counterflow situations. The extensions will be explained and
it will be shown that the extended F.A.S.T.-model is capable of handling
various counterflow situations and to reproduce the well known lane formation
effect.Comment: Contribution to Crowds and Cellular Automata Workshop 2008. Accepted
for publication in "Cellular Automata -- 8th International Conference on
Cellular Automata for Research and Industry, ACRI 2008, Yokohama, Japan,
September 23-26, Springer 2008, Proceedings
Characterizing correlations of flow oscillations at bottlenecks
"Oscillations" occur in quite different kinds of many-particle-systems when
two groups of particles with different directions of motion meet or intersect
at a certain spot. We present a model of pedestrian motion that is able to
reproduce oscillations with different characteristics. The Wald-Wolfowitz test
and Gillis' correlated random walk are shown to hold observables that can be
used to characterize different kinds of oscillations
Effects of communication and utility-based decision making in a simple model of evacuation
We present a simple cellular automaton based model of decision making during
evacuation. Evacuees have to choose between two different exit routes,
resulting in a strategic decision making problem. Agents take their decisions
based on utility functions, these can be revised as the evacuation proceeds,
leading to complex interaction between individuals and to jamming transitions.
The model also includes the possibility to communicate and exchange information
with distant agents, information received may affect the decision of agents. We
show that under a wider range of evacuation scenarios performance of the model
system as a whole is optimal at an intermediate fraction of evacuees with
access to communication.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure
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