Exploradores del universo a control remoto

Son los primeros en pisar el suelo de Marte y serán los primeros en llegar al resto de planetas. No se fatigan, no sienten ni padecen, pero a día de hoy siguen necesitando de la inteligencia y el control humanos para recabar información sobre la composición de nuestros planetas vecinos

O caso dos exploradores de cavernas

Divulgação dos SUMÁRIOS das obras recentemente incorporadas ao acervo da Biblioteca Ministro Oscar Saraiva do STJ. Em respeito à lei de Direitos Autorais, não disponibilizamos a obra na íntegra. STJ00077499 340.12 F966ca 2.tir

Escoltisme, lleure i educació a Menorca (1913-1936) = Scouting, leisure and education in Menorca (1913-1936)

L'any 1913 s'introduí a Menorca l'escoltisme sota la modalitat dels Exploradors d'Espanya, que tan sols feia un any que s'havien creat a l'Estat espanyol. En aquest article pretenem apropar-nos a les activitats dutes a terme pels Exploradors a l'illa en el camp de l'educació en el lleure i la natura, des que van ser creats fins que començà la Guerra Civil, en el marc del desenvolupament general de l'escoltisme en el nostre entorn més proper i, específicament, de la modalitat que s'adoptà a l'illa .Scouting was introduced to Minorca in 1913 in the form of Exploradors d’Espanya: a body created just one year before by the Spanish State. The aim of this paper is to offer an initial insight into activities carried out by scouts on the island in the educational fields of nature and recreation from the creation of the organization through to the beginning of the Spanish Civil War within the framework of the general development of scouting in nearby areas and, more specifically, the form that was adopted in Minorca. By way of a summary, both in its initial stage between 1913 and 1921 and second stage between 1925 and 1936, scouting in Minorca was closely related to the Ateneu Científic, Literari i Artístic de Maó; the association through which it was introduced to the island, in whose headquarters the Comitè Local de Maó d’Exploradors d’Espanya was based. This was because, wishing to exert an educational influence on the young that went further than school education, the Ateneu raised the possibility of a programme of free-time educational activities in the countryside through the introduction of a scout movement on the island, with the creation in 1913 of the Comitè Local d’Exploradors d’Espanya, at the request of military officer Llorenç Lafuente Vanrell. Soon personalities associated with the Ateneu de Maó who belonged to Minorca’s military corps, took the movement over, clearly militarizing it. This was more than evident if we bear in mind the scout system that was adopted, since the Exploradors d’Espanya represented the militarist Spanish nationalist modality of the scout movement in Spain. Despite this, its initial development in Minorca should be understood within the context of a spirit of educational renewal, since other people associated with the movement from the world of education, like Antoni Juan Alemany and Mateu Fontirroig Jordà, brought scouting to schools. Indeed, the first two groups of scouts that were created in Maó were run by the two teachers. Consequently, together with school camps, they might be considered the first signs of new educational practices in Minorca outside the boundaries of schools. This first period of the scouting movement in Minorca should perhaps be considered the most fructiferous and interesting, from an educational point of view. Whatever the case, the movement entered a decline and disappeared in 1921, and scouting activities did not recommence until 1925, in the midst of the Primo de Rivera dictatorship, under the auspices of the authorities back then. During this second stage of scouting in Minorca, some primary and secondary school teachers were also involved in it (like the aforementioned Mateu Fontirroig Jordà, Francesc Cardona Carreras, Emiliano Castaños Fernández, Joan Hernández Mora and Francesc Seguí Coll). The scout movement in Minorca disappeared when the Spanish Civil War broke out. It must be remembered that many of its heads and scout leaders at the time were military officers associated with conservative-thinking circles in Maó, which meant that the movement did not count on the approval of the authorities.En 1913 se introdujo el escultismo en Menorca adoptándose la modalidad de los Exploradors d’Espanya que tan sólo un año antes se habían creado en nuestro país. El artículo pretende ofrecer una primera aproximación a las actividades llevadas a cabo por los Exploradors en la isla, en el campo de la educación en el ocio y la naturaleza, desde su creación hasta al inicio de la Guerra Civil, en el marco del desarrollo general del escultismo en nuestro entorno más próximo y, específicamente, de la modalidad que en la isla se adoptó

Tectonic control on rock uplift, exhumation, and topography above an oceanic ridge collision: Southern Patagonian Andes (47°S), Chile

International audienceThe subduction of bathymetric anomalies at convergent margins can profoundly affect subduction dynamics, magmatism, and the structural and geomorphic evolution of the overriding plate. The Northern Patagonian Icefield (NPI) is located east of the Chile Triple Junction at ~47°S, where the Chile Rise spreading center collides with South America. This region is characterized by an abrupt increase in summit elevations and relief that has been controversially debated in the context of geodynamic versus glacial erosion effects on topography. Here we present geomorphic, thermochronological, and structural data that document neotectonic activity along hitherto unrecognized faults along the flanks of the NPI. New apatite (U-Th)/He bedrock cooling ages suggest faulting since 2–3 Ma. We infer the northward translation of an ~140 km long fore-arc sliver—the NPI block—results from enhanced partitioning of oblique plate convergence due to the closely spaced collision of three successive segments of the Chile Rise. In this model, greater uplift occurs in the hanging wall of the Exploradores thrust at the northern leading edge of the NPI block, whereas the Cachet and Liquiñe-Ofqui dextral faults decouple the NPI block along its eastern and western flanks, respectively. Localized extension possibly occurs at its southern trailing edge along normal faults associated with margin-parallel extension, tectonic subsidence, and lower elevations along the Andean crest line. Our neotectonic model provides a novel explanation for the abrupt topographic variations inland of the Chile Triple Junction and emphasizes the fundamental effects of local tectonics on exhumation and topographic patterns in this glaciated landscape

El Problema de la cueva : elementos para un análisis didáctico de los problemas de probabilidad

En este artículo pretendemos mostrar qué tipos de análisis pueden hacerse de los problemas de probabilidad que sean útiles para la formación de profesores de matemáticas. Usamos como herramientas de análisis elementos de un modelo de competencia en la resolución de problemas que pueden ser de utilidad para los problemas de probabilidad: herramientas heurísticas, destrezas heurísticas y métodos de resolución con contenido heurístico, al cual incorporamos la manera cómo se realizan los análisis; eso es, desde la introspección y desde la posición del resolutor ideal, la noción de sistema matemático de signos y la consideración de diferentes estratos de este sistema matemático de signos que permiten resolver el problema objeto de análisis.In this report we intend to show what kinds of analysis can be made of problems of probability so as to make them useful for the training of mathematics teachers. As tools for the analysis we use elements of a pattern of competence in problem solving useful for problems of probability: heuristic tools, heuristic skills and solving methods with an heuristic content, to which we add the way how we make the analyses, which is, from the introspection and the position of the ideal solver, the notion of mathematical system of signs and the consideration of different strata of this mathematical system of signs that allow to solve the problems being analysed

Quan l'educació física arriba a l'escola primària. Notes per a la història de l'educació a Lleida (1901-1931)

En l'ensenyança primària del sistema educatiu espanyol, la incorporació oficial de l'educació física va ser tardana. Tot i que la Llei de 1901 preveia l'ensenyança de l'assignatura d'Exercicis Corporals, a les escoles públiques de Lleida l'educació física escolar no arribà fins a 1909. Fins aleshores, les dificultats per trobar professors adequats, el fet de no disposar d'espais idonis per a l'ensenyança i altres qüestions ideològiques van assenyalar les contradiccions d'un sistema educatiu poc coherent. A través de fonts documentals primàries s'analitza aquest procés i es revela el discurs ideològic subjacent fins a 1931, moment en què s'inicia el període de la ii República

Relatos para pensar la ciencia

Una colección cuyos textos nos hablan de las Ciencias Naturales en diferentes momentos de la historia, nos cuentan sobre sus descubrimientos, sobre sus aciertos y errores. Sus páginas están llenas de historias poco conocidas u olvidadas. Algunas de ellas nos hablan sobre hombres y sociedades que pretendieron utilizar o utilizaron los conocimientos científicos para dañar a otros hombres, muchas otras en cambio, nos muestran el esfuerzo y la imaginación de personas que con sus conocimientos y actitudes hicieron grandes aportes para que podamos vivir un poco mejor. Esto es así porque la actividad científica es una actividad humana y por lo tanto está atravesada por contradicciones, intereses, sueños y desafíos