The Morphogenesis Of Evolutionary Developmental Biology

The early studies of evolutionary developmental biology (Evo-Devo) come from several sources. Tributaries flowing into Evo-Devo came from such disciplines as embryology, developmental genetics, evolutionary biology, ecology, paleontology, systematics, medical embryology and mathematical modeling. This essay will trace one of the major pathways, that from evolutionary embryology to Evo-Devo and it will show the interactions of this pathway with two other sources of Evo-Devo: ecological developmental biology and medical developmental biology. Together, these three fields are forming a more inclusive evolutionary developmental biology that is revitalizing and providing answers to old and important questions involving the formation of biodiversity on Earth. The phenotype of Evo-Devo is limited by internal constraints on what could be known given the methods and equipment of the time and it has been framed by external factors that include both academic and global politics

Conservation evo-devo: preserving biodiversity by understanding its origins

Unprecedented rates of species extinction increase the urgency for effective conservation biology management practices. Thus, any improvements in practice are vital and we suggest that conservation can be enhanced through recent advances in evolutionary biology, specifically advances put forward by evolutionary developmental biology (i.e., evo-devo). There are strong overlapping conceptual links between conservation and evo-devo whereby both fields focus on evolutionary potential. In particular, benefits to conservation can be derived from some of the main areas of evo-devo research, namely phenotypic plasticity, modularity and integration, and mechanistic investigations of the precise developmental and genetic processes that determine phenotypes. Using examples we outline how evo-devo can expand into conservation biology, an opportunity which holds great promise for advancing both fields

Evo-Devo

Evo-Devo je grana biologije koja uspoređuje razvojne procese različitih organizama za određivanje ancestralnog odnosa među njima i otkivanje kako su evoluirali razvojni procesi. U ovom radu usmjerila sam se na aspekt unutar područja Evo-Devo, a radi se o porijeklu ličinačkog stadija u ontogenijama nekih organizama. Dvije hipoteze dominiraju trenutnim mišljenjem o ovoj temi: „larva-first“ i „adult-first“ hipoteze. Sve do nedavno „larva-first“ je bila prihvaćenija u znanstvenom krugu. Ona predlaže da su višestanični organizmi prije nastanka bilateralnih organizama bili mala, isključivo planktonska bića koja su plivala i lovila raspršene čestice hrane koristeći samo cilijarne vrpce. Iz tog matičnog oblika evoluirale su trohoforske i dipleurske linije, a svaka navedena linija naknadno je evoluirala bentički stadij u životnom ciklusu. Drugi prijedlog o porijeklu pelagičko bentičkog životnog ciklusa, interkalacijska ili „adult-first“ hipoteza, rekonstruira prvog bilateralnog organizma, kao isključivo bentičkog. Ovi ancestralni bilateralni organizmi sekundarno su evolurali planktonsku ličinku, kada su u stadiju ranog razvoja evoluirale cilije te je postao privremeno pelagički prije povratka na bentos. Porijeklo indirektnog razvoja je potencijalno važna tema za evolucijsku biologiju jer ako odgonetnemo porijeklo ličinke u ontogeniji nekih organizama, možda ćemo biti sposobni rekonstruirati tijek animalne evolucije, odnosno načine kojima se odvijala divergencija koljena.Evo-Devo is a field of biology that compares the developmental processes of different organisms to determine the ancestral relationship between them, and to discover how developmental processes evolved. In this review I focused on a particular aspect within the field of Evo-Devo, which is the origin of the larva stage in ontogeny of some organisms. There are two hypotheses that dominate current opinion about this topic: the „larva-first“ and the intercalation hypotheses. Until recently, the „larva-first“ hypothesis was preeminent. This hypothesis implies that pre-bilaterian metazoans were small holoplanktonic creatures that swam and captured suspended food particles by using single ciliary band. This stem form gave rise to trochophore and dipleurula lineages, which each subsequently added a benthic stage to the life cycle. The second proposal for the origin of the pelago-benthic life cycle, the intercalation hypotesis, reconstructs the first bilaterians as holobentic organisms. These ancestral bilaterians secondarly acquired a planktonic larva when a stage of early development evolved cilia and became temporarily pelagic before returning to the benthos. The origin of indirect development is potentially an important topic for evolutionary biology, because if we decipher the origin of larvae in ontogeny of some organisms, we may be able to reconstruct the course of animal evolution, and the way it ran divergence of phylum

The modern versus extended evolutionary synthesis : sketch of an intra-genomic gene's eye view for the evolutionary-genetic underpinning of epigenetic and developmental evolution

Studying the phenotypic evolution of organisms in terms of populations of genes and genotypes, the Modern Synthesis (MS) conceptualizes biological evolution in terms of 'inter-organismal' interactions among genes sitting in the different individual organisms that constitute a population. It 'black-boxes' the complex 'intra-organismic' molecular and developmental epigenetics mediating between genotypes and phenotypes. To conceptually integrate epigenetics and evo-devo into evolutionary theory, advocates of an Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES) argue that the MS's reductive gene-centrism should be abandoned in favor of a more inclusive organism-centered approach. To push the debate to a new level of understanding, we introduce the evolutionary biology of 'intra-genomic conflict' (IGC) to the controversy. This strategy is based on a twofold rationale. First, the field of IGC is both ‘gene-centered’ and 'intra-organismic' and, as such, could build a bridge between the gene-centered MS and the intra-organismic fields of epigenetics and evo-devo. And second, it is increasingly revealed that IGC plays a significant causal role in epigenetic and developmental evolution and even in speciation. Hence, to deal with the ‘discrepancy’ between the ‘gene-centered’ MS and the ‘intra-organismic’ fields of epigenetics and evo-devo, we sketch a conceptual solution in terms of ‘intra-genomic conflict and compromise’ – an ‘intra-genomic gene’s eye view’ that thinks in terms of intra-genomic ‘evolutionarily stable strategies’ (ESSs) among numerous and various DNA regions and elements – to evolutionary-genetically underwrite both epigenetic and developmental evolution, as such questioning the ‘gene-de-centered’ stance put forward by EES-advocates

Embriologia e Evo-Devo

XXXII Congresso Brasileiro de Zoologia, Foz do Iguaçu, 2018. Tema: Desafios e perspectivas para a Zoologia na América LatinaCaderno de Resumos de Trabalhos da Área temática Embriologia e Evo-Devo, do XXXII Congresso Brasileiro de ZoologiaSociedade Brasileira de Zoologia (SBZ) e Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (Unila

How to generalize Darwinism suitably to help understand both the evolution and the development of economies

This paper agrees that a suitably generalized Darwinism may help understand socioeconomic change, but finds the most publicized generalization by Hodgson and Knudsen unsuitable. To do better, it generalizes the extension of Neo-Darwinism into evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo), which pays more attention to genomes-as-instructors than to genes-as-replicators, and to the entire process of instructed development than to fully developed organisms. The new generalization has clear connections to economics with a minimum guarantee of helpfulness: it generalizes both evo-devo and previously elaborated approaches that already helped understand specific issues of comparative economics, economic reforms, and transformation policies

Biopolítica, bioética y biosemiótica. Tres dimensiones de una misma mirada a través de la biología filosófica

La biopolítica, la bioética y la biosemiótica, así como los paradigmas emergentes, ecopensamiento, ciberpensamiento, paradigma EVO-DEVO y el neuropensamiento, se cruzan recursivamente para configurar desde una dinámica compleja el establecimiento de la biología filosófica, que se pregunta y repregunta recursivamente en la multiversidad que llamamos vid

Ryan Kerney, Assistant Professor of Biology

In this last Next Page column of 2017, Ryan Kerney, Assistant Professor of Biology, shares some of his favorite science writers in the field of “evo devo;” his go-to science news sources and podcasts (note: “This Week in Parasitism” is a must-listen!); what he would ask Charles Darwin if given the chance; which books he likes to give as gifts; his favorite author of all time; and where he finds great recommendations for what to read next

Computational phenotypes : where the theory of computation meets evo-devo

This article argues that the Chomsky Hierarchy can be reinterpreted as a developmental morphospace constraining the evolution of a discrete and finite series of computational phenotypes. In doing so, the theory of Morphological Evolution as stated by Pere Alberch, a pioneering figure of Evo-Devo thinking, is adhered to

Variedades de la explicación en evo-devo

The aim of this paper lies in characterizing the explanations and models used in the field of evolutionary developmental biology throughout its history. While manipulative experiments in controlled conditions have been useful to set the bases of the discipline and are still routinely performed, this approach supposes a tension between the reliability and the representativity of the conclusions. Given the recent changes in the understanding of evolutionary phenomena, different authors currently emphasize the need of avoiding excessive simplifications in experimental approaches, incorporating the complexity of the analyzed systems as a relevant trait in the study of biological diversity. On the other hand, the fragile and contingent nature of evolutionary processes and the impossibility of intervening some of these phenomena underscore the importance of non-manipulative models that allow the elucidation of how-possibly mechanisms. We argue that a pluralism characterized by the integration of different kinds of explanations, models and metaphors used in evo-devo allows to exploit their respective advantages, favours interdisciplinarity and can contribute to form a representative description of evolutionary processes without relinquishing the local and detailed study of actual mechanisms