End-of-life care and outcomes. Summary.

6 pages.Evaluates the effectiveness of end-of-life care

Solid organ transplantation and the probability of transmitting HIV, HBV, or HCV: a systematic review to support an evidence-based guideline

This systematic review addressed 10 Questions (middle column of Table 1) pertaining to solid organ transplantation and three bloodborne pathogens (HIV, HBV, and HCV). These questions were carefully developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in consultation with the Center for Evidence-based Practice at the University of Pennsylvania and ECRI Institute. These questions are not intended to encompass all important issues related to infectious diseases and organ transplantation. Instead, they were specifically focused to support the development of an evidence-based guideline. The leftmost column of the table shows which section of the guideline pertains to the questions, and the rightmost column provides explanatory comments.Introduction -- Methodology -- Overview of the evidence -- Evidence Reviews: I. Probability of transmission of HIV, HBV, or HCV through solid organ transplantation (SOT) -- Evidence Reviews: II. Methodology to better estimate donor infection with HIV, HBV, or HCV -- Evidence Reviews: III. Donor interventions to decrease transmission of HIV, HBV,or HCV from infected donors -- Evidence Reviews: IV. Potential risks and benefits of transplanting, or not transplanting, solid organs from donors positive for HIV, HBV, or HCV -- Evidence Reviews: V. Potential risks and benefits of transplanting, or not transplanting, solid organs from donors with risk factors for HIV, HBV, or HCV -- Gaps in the current literature -- References -- Appendix A. Details of literature search.Jonathan R. Treadwell, Meredith Noble.April 14, 2010.This report was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Atlanta, GA.Mode of access: World Wide Web as an Acrobat .pdf file (6.97 MB, 530 p.).References: p. 491-502

Evidence-based practice and practice-based evidence

This policy brief outlines the complexities involved in selecting interventions for early childhood services. It advocates for a broader method of assessing outcomes of interventions through incorporating practice-based evidence into our understanding of evidence-based practice. For services in the early childhood sector, choosing the most effective interventions for children and their families often involves a challenging examination and evaluation of the available evidence. Traditionally, researchers have looked to evidence stemming from trials that incorporate rigorous methodologies as a way of selecting the ‘best’ evidence for evaluation. However, this narrow approach is not the only way of identifying effective interventions, nor is it necessarily always the best way

Evidence-based policy as reflexive practice.

The call for evidence-based policy is often accompanied by rather uncritical references to the success of evidence-based medicine, leading to often

Understanding EBLIP at an organizational level: an initial maturity model

Objective - Existing research around evidence based practice in the LIS (library and information science) professional context over the past two decades has captured the experience of individual practitioners, rather than the organization as a whole. Current models of evidence based library and information practice (EBLIP) relate to, and apply predominantly to, individuals or specific scenarios. Yet despite a growing demand from institutional and library leaders for evidence to demonstrate why investments in libraries should continue, little is known about how an organization can enhance its maturity in evidence based practice. This paper addresses this gap by seeking to understand what an evidence based university library looks like and answering the questions: how does a university library leader know the library’s service and practice is evidence based? How can a university library measure and progress its maturity in evidence based practice? Methods - Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with library professionals employed at Australian and New Zealand university libraries. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The interviews, combined with a literature review and environmental scan of evidence based practices in university libraries, informed the development of a draft capability maturity model as a framework for developing evidence based practice in university libraries. Results - The model identifies and describes characteristics at five different levels of evidence based practice maturity from least mature (Ad hoc/Sporadic) to most mature (Transforming). Three dimensions of experience help to define the characteristics at each level of maturity and provide a framework to understand how a university library might develop its organizational capacity in evidence based library and information practice. Conclusion - Library leaders and practitioners will benefit from the model as they seek to identify and build upon their evidence based practice maturity, enabling more robust decision-making, a deeper understanding of their clients and demonstration of value and impact to their stakeholders

Evidence based practice: What is it? and why does it matter

The terms `evidence' and 'evidence-based practice' are now common place in health care literature. Government reports make increasing use of these terms and seek to encourage all health professionals to base their practice on sound evidence (Department of Health (DOH) 1996, 1997, 1998; Scottish Office, 1997, 1998, 1998b). So what exactly is `evidence based practice' and where did the term come from

NURS 128: Evidence-based Nursing Practice Course Redesign

Poster summarizing course redesign activities for NURS 128: Evidence-based Nursing Practice.https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/davinci_itcr2014/1004/thumbnail.jp

Evidence-Based Design: Theoretical and Practical Reflections of an Emerging Approach in Office Architecture

Evidence-based design is a practice that has emerged only relatively recently, inspired by a growing popularity of evidence-based approaches in other professions such as medicine. It has received greatest attention in design for the health sector, but has received less in office architecture, although this would seem not only to be beneficial for clients, but increasingly important in a changing business environment. This paper outlines the history and origins of evidence-based practice, its influence in the health sector, as well as some of the reasons why it has been found more difficult to apply in office architecture. Based on these theoretical reflections, data and experiences from several research case studies in diverse workplace environments are presented following a three part argument: firstly we show how organisational behaviours may change as a result of an organisation moving into a new building; secondly we argue that not all effects of space on organisations are consistent. Examples of both consistent and inconsistent results are presented, giving possible reasons for differences in outcomes. Thirdly, practical implications of evidence-based design are made and difficulties for evidence-based practice, for example the problem of investment of time, are reflected on. The paper concludes that organisations may be distinguished according to both their spatial and transpatial structure (referring to a concept initially introduced by Hillier and Hanson in their study of societies). This means that evidence-based design in office architecture needs to recognise that it deals with a multiplicity of possible organisational forms, with specific clients requiring case-dependent research and evidence gathering. In this evidence-based design practice differs markedly from evidence-based medicine. Finally, we suggest a framework for systematic review inclusion criteria in the development of Evidence-Based Design as a field of practice. We argue that it is only through the development of an approach tailored to the specific nature of design practice and organisational function that research evidence can properly be brought to bear. Keywords: Architecture; Design Practice; Evidence-Based Design; Workplace; Research; Case Study.</p

Cancer care quality measures: symptoms and end-of-life care (Evidence report/technology assessment no. 137)

251 pagesEvaluates the quality of end-of-life care for cancer patients. The study was conducted using the medical literature