4,460 research outputs found
Quality-Aware Broadcasting Strategies for Position Estimation in VANETs
The dissemination of vehicle position data all over the network is a
fundamental task in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) operations, as
applications often need to know the position of other vehicles over a large
area. In such cases, inter-vehicular communications should be exploited to
satisfy application requirements, although congestion control mechanisms are
required to minimize the packet collision probability. In this work, we face
the issue of achieving accurate vehicle position estimation and prediction in a
VANET scenario. State of the art solutions to the problem try to broadcast the
positioning information periodically, so that vehicles can ensure that the
information their neighbors have about them is never older than the
inter-transmission period. However, the rate of decay of the information is not
deterministic in complex urban scenarios: the movements and maneuvers of
vehicles can often be erratic and unpredictable, making old positioning
information inaccurate or downright misleading. To address this problem, we
propose to use the Quality of Information (QoI) as the decision factor for
broadcasting. We implement a threshold-based strategy to distribute position
information whenever the positioning error passes a reference value, thereby
shifting the objective of the network to limiting the actual positioning error
and guaranteeing quality across the VANET. The threshold-based strategy can
reduce the network load by avoiding the transmission of redundant messages, as
well as improving the overall positioning accuracy by more than 20% in
realistic urban scenarios.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, accepted for presentation at European
Wireless 201
Mobiiliverkkodatan käytön validointi lähtö-määränpää -matriisien luomisessa
The rapid development in telecommunication networks during last years has made it possible to study human travel behaviour effectively from mobile network data. The combination of passive and active signalling events gathered by mobile network operators allow analysing movements of people with full longitudinal and spatial coverage. Therefore, recent years have seen an increasing interest in utilizing mobile network data in transportation studies, as an alternative or a complementary data source for conventional transport data.
This study validates the capability of mobile network data to produce long-distance origin-destination matrices in Finland. Features that are being validated include trip counts, seasonal trip count changes and modal split. As reference data sources of the study, the National Travel Survey 2016, HELMET-transport demand model (Transport model by HSL) and LAM-data (automated traffic census) are used. Validation is done by analysing correlations between mobile network data and the reference data sources. By being able to demonstrate the validity and reliability of mobile network data usage in producing origin-destination matrices, cost-effectiveness and more accurate methods to gather information from long-distance transportation can be provided for the field in general.
The overall results of the study are in line with the few similar related studies that have been conducted. The thesis work suggests that mobile network data is capable of producing more reliable trip counts from sparsely populated areas than the National Travel Survey. In addition, it seems to be more capable of capturing the high summer peak in longdistance travelling in Finland. The results regarding modal split are promising, but more studies regarding the modal detection will be needed.Matkapuhelinverkkojen viime vuosien nopea kehitys on mahdollistanut yhä tarkemman matkapuhelinten solupaikannuksen. Teleoperaattoreiden keräämä passiivisten ja aktiivisten matkapuhelinverkon signaalihavaintojen yhdistelmä mahdollistaa ihmisten liikkumiskäyttäytymisen tutkimisen kattavasti sekä ajallisesti että alueellisesti. Viime aikoina matkapuhelinverkkodatan hyödyntäminen liikennetutkimuksissa on tästä syystä herättänyt kasvavaa kiinnostusta perinteisten tiedonkeruumenetelmien korvaajana ja täydentäjänä.
Tämä tutkimus validoi mobiiliverkkodatan käyttöä lähtö-määränpää -matriisien luomisessa Suomen pitkän matkan liikenteessä. Validoitavia ominaisuuksia ovat matkamäärät, matkamäärien vuodenajoittainen vaihtelu ja matkojen kulkumuotojakauma. Referenssiaineistona työssä käytetään Suomen Henkilöliikennetutkimusta, HELMET-liikennemallia ja LAM-dataa. Validointi suoritetaan analysoimalla mobiiliverkkodatan ja referenssiaineistojen välisiä korrelaatioita. Osoittamalla mobiiliverkkodatan käytettävyys lähtö-määränpää matriisien luomisessa, liikennesuunnittelun kustannustehokkuutta ja keinoja tarkemman tiedon keräämiseen pitkämatkaisesta liikkumisesta voidaan edistää.
Työn tulokset ovat linjassa aiemman tutkimuksen kanssa. Tulokset näyttävät mobiiliverkkodatan olevan kykenevä tuottamaan lähtö-määränpää -tietoa hajaasutusalueilta luotettavammin kuin Henkilöliikennetutkimus. Lisäksi, mobiiliverkkodata näyttää pystyvän observoimaan kesän lomakauden matkapiikin tarkemmin kuin Henkilöliikennetutkimus. Tulokset mobiiliverkkodatan kulkumuototunnistukseen ovat lupaavia, mutta lisää tutkimusta tarvitaan näiden havaintojen vahvistamiseen
CT-Mapper: Mapping Sparse Multimodal Cellular Trajectories using a Multilayer Transportation Network
Mobile phone data have recently become an attractive source of information
about mobility behavior. Since cell phone data can be captured in a passive way
for a large user population, they can be harnessed to collect well-sampled
mobility information. In this paper, we propose CT-Mapper, an unsupervised
algorithm that enables the mapping of mobile phone traces over a multimodal
transport network. One of the main strengths of CT-Mapper is its capability to
map noisy sparse cellular multimodal trajectories over a multilayer
transportation network where the layers have different physical properties and
not only to map trajectories associated with a single layer. Such a network is
modeled by a large multilayer graph in which the nodes correspond to
metro/train stations or road intersections and edges correspond to connections
between them. The mapping problem is modeled by an unsupervised HMM where the
observations correspond to sparse user mobile trajectories and the hidden
states to the multilayer graph nodes. The HMM is unsupervised as the transition
and emission probabilities are inferred using respectively the physical
transportation properties and the information on the spatial coverage of
antenna base stations. To evaluate CT-Mapper we collected cellular traces with
their corresponding GPS trajectories for a group of volunteer users in Paris
and vicinity (France). We show that CT-Mapper is able to accurately retrieve
the real cell phone user paths despite the sparsity of the observed trace
trajectories. Furthermore our transition probability model is up to 20% more
accurate than other naive models.Comment: Under revision in Computer Communication Journa
On the Feasibility of Social Network-based Pollution Sensing in ITSs
Intense vehicular traffic is recognized as a global societal problem, with a
multifaceted influence on the quality of life of a person. Intelligent
Transportation Systems (ITS) can play an important role in combating such
problem, decreasing pollution levels and, consequently, their negative effects.
One of the goals of ITSs, in fact, is that of controlling traffic flows,
measuring traffic states, providing vehicles with routes that globally pursue
low pollution conditions. How such systems measure and enforce given traffic
states has been at the center of multiple research efforts in the past few
years. Although many different solutions have been proposed, very limited
effort has been devoted to exploring the potential of social network analysis
in such context. Social networks, in general, provide direct feedback from
people and, as such, potentially very valuable information. A post that tells,
for example, how a person feels about pollution at a given time in a given
location, could be put to good use by an environment aware ITS aiming at
minimizing contaminant emissions in residential areas. This work verifies the
feasibility of using pollution related social network feeds into ITS
operations. In particular, it concentrates on understanding how reliable such
information is, producing an analysis that confronts over 1,500,000 posts and
pollution data obtained from on-the- field sensors over a one-year span.Comment: 10 pages, 15 figures, Transaction Forma
Big Data for Traffic Estimation and Prediction: A Survey of Data and Tools
Big data has been used widely in many areas including the transportation
industry. Using various data sources, traffic states can be well estimated and
further predicted for improving the overall operation efficiency. Combined with
this trend, this study presents an up-to-date survey of open data and big data
tools used for traffic estimation and prediction. Different data types are
categorized and the off-the-shelf tools are introduced. To further promote the
use of big data for traffic estimation and prediction tasks, challenges and
future directions are given for future studies
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