13,162 research outputs found
From 4G to 5G: Self-organized Network Management meets Machine Learning
In this paper, we provide an analysis of self-organized network management,
with an end-to-end perspective of the network. Self-organization as applied to
cellular networks is usually referred to Self-organizing Networks (SONs), and
it is a key driver for improving Operations, Administration, and Maintenance
(OAM) activities. SON aims at reducing the cost of installation and management
of 4G and future 5G networks, by simplifying operational tasks through the
capability to configure, optimize and heal itself. To satisfy 5G network
management requirements, this autonomous management vision has to be extended
to the end to end network. In literature and also in some instances of products
available in the market, Machine Learning (ML) has been identified as the key
tool to implement autonomous adaptability and take advantage of experience when
making decisions. In this paper, we survey how network management can
significantly benefit from ML solutions. We review and provide the basic
concepts and taxonomy for SON, network management and ML. We analyse the
available state of the art in the literature, standardization, and in the
market. We pay special attention to 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
evolution in the area of network management and to the data that can be
extracted from 3GPP networks, in order to gain knowledge and experience in how
the network is working, and improve network performance in a proactive way.
Finally, we go through the main challenges associated with this line of
research, in both 4G and in what 5G is getting designed, while identifying new
directions for research.Comment: 23 pages, 3 figures, Surve
An adaptive software defined radio design based on a standard space telecommunication radio system API
Software defined radio (SDR) has become a popular tool for the implementation
and testing for communications performance. The advantage of the SDR approach
includes: a re-configurable design, adaptive response to changing conditions,
efficient development, and highly versatile implementation. In order to
understand the benefits of SDR, the space telecommunication radio system (STRS)
was proposed by NASA Glenn research center (GRC) along with the standard
application program interface (API) structure. Each component of the system
uses a well-defined API to communicate with other components. The benefit of
standard API is to relax the platform limitation of each component for addition
options. For example, the waveform generating process can support a field
programmable gate array (FPGA), personal computer (PC), or an embedded system.
As long as the API defines the requirements, the generated waveform selection
will work with the complete system. In this paper, we demonstrate the design
and development of adaptive SDR following the STRS and standard API protocol.
We introduce step by step the SDR testbed system including the controlling
graphic user interface (GUI), database, GNU radio hardware control, and
universal software radio peripheral (USRP) tranceiving front end. In addition,
a performance evaluation in shown on the effectiveness of the SDR approach for
space telecommunication
A Survey on Legacy and Emerging Technologies for Public Safety Communications
Effective emergency and natural disaster management depend on the efficient
mission-critical voice and data communication between first responders and
victims. Land Mobile Radio System (LMRS) is a legacy narrowband technology used
for critical voice communications with limited use for data applications.
Recently Long Term Evolution (LTE) emerged as a broadband communication
technology that has a potential to transform the capabilities of public safety
technologies by providing broadband, ubiquitous, and mission-critical voice and
data support. For example, in the United States, FirstNet is building a
nationwide coast-to-coast public safety network based of LTE broadband
technology. This paper presents a comparative survey of legacy and the
LTE-based public safety networks, and discusses the LMRS-LTE convergence as
well as mission-critical push-to-talk over LTE. A simulation study of LMRS and
LTE band class 14 technologies is provided using the NS-3 open source tool. An
experimental study of APCO-25 and LTE band class 14 is also conducted using
software-defined radio, to enhance the understanding of the public safety
systems. Finally, emerging technologies that may have strong potential for use
in public safety networks are reviewed.Comment: Accepted at IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorial
Resource Management of energy-aware Cognitive Radio Networks and cloud-based Infrastructures
The field of wireless networks has been rapidly developed during the past
decade due to the increasing popularity of the mobile devices. The great demand
for mobility and connectivity makes wireless networking a field whose
continuous technological development is very important as new challenges and
issues are arising. Many scientists and researchers are currently engaged in
developing new approaches and optimization methods in several topics of
wireless networking. This survey paper study works from the following topics:
Cognitive Radio Networks, Interactive Broadcasting, Energy Efficient Networks,
Cloud Computing and Resource Management, Interactive Marketing and
Optimization
COINS: ContinuOus IntegratioN in wirelesS technology development
Network testing plays an important role in the iterative process of
developing new communication protocols and algorithms. However, test
environments have to keep up with the evolution of technology and require
continuous update and redesign. In this paper, we propose COINS, a framework
that can be used by wireless technology developers to enable continuous
integration (CI) practices in their testbed infrastructure. As a
proof-of-concept, we provide a reference architecture and implementation of
COINS for controlled testing of multi-technology 5G Machine Type Communication
(MTC) networks. The implementation upgrades an existing wireless
experimentation testbed with new software and hardware functionalities. It
blends web service technology and operating system virtualization technologies
with emerging Internet of Things technologies enabling CI for wireless
networks. Moreover, we also extend an existing qualitative methodology for
comparing similar frameworks and identify and discuss open challenges for wider
use of CI practices in wireless technology development.Comment: This work has been accepted for publication in IEEE Communications
Magazine. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this
version may no longer be accessibl
Fundamental Green Tradeoffs: Progresses, Challenges, and Impacts on 5G Networks
With years of tremendous traffic and energy consumption growth, green radio
has been valued not only for theoretical research interests but also for the
operational expenditure reduction and the sustainable development of wireless
communications. Fundamental green tradeoffs, served as an important framework
for analysis, include four basic relationships: spectrum efficiency (SE) versus
energy efficiency (EE), deployment efficiency (DE) versus energy efficiency
(EE), delay (DL) versus power (PW), and bandwidth (BW) versus power (PW). In
this paper, we first provide a comprehensive overview on the extensive on-going
research efforts and categorize them based on the fundamental green tradeoffs.
We will then focus on research progresses of 4G and 5G communications, such as
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and non-orthogonal
aggregation (NOA), multiple input multiple output (MIMO), and heterogeneous
networks (HetNets). We will also discuss potential challenges and impacts of
fundamental green tradeoffs, to shed some light on the energy efficient
research and design for future wireless networks.Comment: revised from IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorial
Adaptive Beaconing Approaches for Vehicular ad hoc Networks: A Survey
Vehicular communication requires vehicles to self-organize through the
exchange of periodic beacons. Recent analysis on beaconing indicates that the
standards for beaconing restrict the desired performance of vehicular
applications. This situation can be attributed to the quality of the available
transmission medium, persistent change in the traffic situation and the
inability of standards to cope with application requirements. To this end, this
paper is motivated by the classifications and capability evaluations of
existing adaptive beaconing approaches. To begin with, we explore the anatomy
and the performance requirements of beaconing. Then, the beaconing design is
analyzed to introduce a design-based beaconing taxonomy. A survey of the
state-of-the-art is conducted with an emphasis on the salient features of the
beaconing approaches. We also evaluate the capabilities of beaconing approaches
using several key parameters. A comparison among beaconing approaches is
presented, which is based on the architectural and implementation
characteristics. The paper concludes by discussing open challenges in the
field
Recent Advances in Cloud Radio Access Networks: System Architectures, Key Techniques, and Open Issues
As a promising paradigm to reduce both capital and operating expenditures,
the cloud radio access network (C-RAN) has been shown to provide high spectral
efficiency and energy efficiency. Motivated by its significant theoretical
performance gains and potential advantages, C-RANs have been advocated by both
the industry and research community. This paper comprehensively surveys the
recent advances of C-RANs, including system architectures, key techniques, and
open issues. The system architectures with different functional splits and the
corresponding characteristics are comprehensively summarized and discussed. The
state-of-the-art key techniques in C-RANs are classified as: the fronthaul
compression, large-scale collaborative processing, and channel estimation in
the physical layer; and the radio resource allocation and optimization in the
upper layer. Additionally, given the extensiveness of the research area, open
issues and challenges are presented to spur future investigations, in which the
involvement of edge cache, big data mining, social-aware device-to-device,
cognitive radio, software defined network, and physical layer security for
C-RANs are discussed, and the progress of testbed development and trial test
are introduced as well.Comment: 27 pages, 11 figure
Wearable, Epidermal, and Implantable Sensors for Medical Applications
Continuous health monitoring using wireless body area networks (WBANs) of
wearable, epidermal and implantable medical devices is envisioned as a
transformative approach to healthcare. Rapid advances in biomedical sensors,
low-power electronics, and wireless communications have brought this vision to
the verge of reality. However, key challenges still remain to be addressed.
This paper surveys the current state-of-the-art in the area of wireless sensors
for medical applications. Specifically, it focuses on presenting the recent
advancements in wearable, epidermal and implantable technologies, and discusses
reported ways of powering up such sensors. Furthermore, this paper addresses
the challenges that exist in the various Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
layers and illustrates future research areas concerning the utilization of
wireless sensors in healthcare applications.Comment: 48 page
Recent Advances and Challenges in Ubiquitous Sensing
Ubiquitous sensing is tightly coupled with activity recognition. This survey
reviews recent advances in Ubiquitous sensing and looks ahead on promising
future directions. In particular, Ubiquitous sensing crosses new barriers
giving us new ways to interact with the environment or to inspect our psyche.
Through sensing paradigms that parasitically utilise stimuli from the noise of
environmental, third-party pre-installed systems, sensing leaves the boundaries
of the personal domain. Compared to previous environmental sensing approaches,
these new systems mitigate high installation and placement cost by providing a
robustness towards process noise. On the other hand, sensing focuses inward and
attempts to capture mental activities such as cognitive load, fatigue or
emotion through advances in, for instance, eye-gaze sensing systems or
interpretation of body gesture or pose. This survey summarises these
developments and discusses current research questions and promising future
directions.Comment: Submitted to PIEE
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