5 research outputs found

    Engineering of Communication Systems and Protocols

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    NZEB. Optimización mediante co-simulación. Estudio de caso (e)Co, prototipo del concurso Solar Decathlon 2012

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    Actualmente, en los estudios de arquitectura, hay una necesidad de integrar diferentes disciplinas y técnicos especializados en el grupo de trabajo; donde se hace imprescindible el uso de simuladores y software CAD (Computer Aided Design) para optimizar el proyecto en fase de diseño a nivel energético y ambiental. Normalmente, los arquitectos e ingenieros gastan mucho tiempo y recursos en levantar el modelo en formato BIM (Building Information Modeling) para ser después analizado en motores de cálculo como EnergyPlus o Doe-2; simplemente llegando a realizar unos cuantos experimentos concretos del modelo de estudio; dejando sin analizar muchas otras posibilidades y sin llegar a optimizarlo ni obtener la mejor configuración del proyecto; de tal manera que, por falta de tiempo, solamente se analiza y se hace un estudio parcial, y muchas veces insuficiente, para saber si la configuración escogida ha sido la más eficiente a nivel energético y económico. La presente publicación muestra las posibilidades de la co-simulación, la cual da respuesta a las dos cuestiones planteadas anteriormente: Para implementar el modelo de co-simulación se utiliza el lenguaje Specification and Description Language (SDL), lenguaje formal gráfico que permite fácilmente integrar y combinarse con otros lenguajes, solucionando la problemática de la integración de diferentes áreas de especialidad. De tal manera que, el SDL, por un lado, es capaz de definir los diferentes modelos gracias a un sistema de diagramas, mucho más ágil y fácil de ser legible que otros lenguajes de programación y capaz de ser entendido fácilmente por todos los integrantes del equipo, arquitectos e ingenieros en un conjunto; y por el otro, nos permite tener definido un modelo capaz de integrar nuevos procesos de cálculo y combinarse con otros simuladores de forma directa. En respuesta al segundo punto, el co-simulador utiliza diferentes motores de cálculo para realizar la optimización del sistema, de forma autónoma y sin tener que entrar y detallar cada experimento concretamente. El co-simulador, mediante la base de datos integrada, optimiza el modelo en base a diferentes soluciones constructivas (pudiendo determinar nuevas configuraciones), orientaciones, zonas climáticas, sistemas de climatización activos y formas geométricas. Es capaz de combinar todas las situaciones deseadas para cada experimento encontrando la solución óptima del conjunto. El co-simulador vía cloud, integrado en página web para el usuario, ha sido utilizado para optimizar, a nivel de demanda energética (optimización mediante diferentes soluciones constructivas), el proyecto (e)CO, prototipo del concurso Solar Decathlon del 2012, como ejemplo de edificación sostenible del grupo de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura del Vallés (ETSAV – UPC). El objetivo del estudio es proponer un nuevo sistema de co-simulación que resuelve las problemáticas planteadas anteriormente, abriendo nuevos campos y mejorando en gran medida las posibilidades de estudio en la fase de proyecto para atender en la totalidad la complejidad de un sistema arquitectónico. El co-simulador es un proyecto de investigación de al UPC, que está en desarrollo continuo integrando nuevas funcionalidades y más potencia de cálculo, con la intención de abrirse a muchos otros campos tecnológicos. El informe final del caso de estudio, revela la gran utilidad del software y el enorme potencial que posee para ser aplicado en multitud de casos. Gracias a la potencia de cálculo y después de simular más de 4000 situaciones, se ha podido determinar, con exactitud, la configuración idónea para el caso concreto del proyecto (e)CO.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

    Using specification and description language for life cycle assesment in buildings

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    The definition of a Life Cycle Assesment (LCA) for a building or an urban area is a complex task due to the inherent complexity of all the elements that must be considered. Furthermore, a multidisciplinary approach is required due to the different sources of knowledge involved in this project. This multidisciplinary approach makes it necessary to use formal language to fully represent the complexity of the used models. In this paper, we explore the use of Specification and Description Language (SDL) to represent the LCA of a building and residential area. We also introduce a tool that uses this idea to implement an optimization and simulation mechanism to define the optimal solution for the sustainability of a specific building or residential.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

    Distributed Real-time Systems - Deterministic Protocols for Wireless Networks and Model-Driven Development with SDL

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    In a networked system, the communication system is indispensable but often the weakest link w.r.t. performance and reliability. This, particularly, holds for wireless communication systems, where the error- and interference-prone medium and the character of network topologies implicate special challenges. However, there are many scenarios of wireless networks, in which a certain quality-of-service has to be provided despite these conditions. In this regard, distributed real-time systems, whose realization by wireless multi-hop networks becomes increasingly popular, are a particular challenge. For such systems, it is of crucial importance that communication protocols are deterministic and come with the required amount of efficiency and predictability, while additionally considering scarce hardware resources that are a major limiting factor of wireless sensor nodes. This, in turn, does not only place demands on the behavior of a protocol but also on its implementation, which has to comply with timing and resource constraints. The first part of this thesis presents a deterministic protocol for wireless multi-hop networks with time-critical behavior. The protocol is referred to as Arbitrating and Cooperative Transfer Protocol (ACTP), and is an instance of a binary countdown protocol. It enables the reliable transfer of bit sequences of adjustable length and deterministically resolves contest among nodes based on a flexible priority assignment, with constant delays, and within configurable arbitration radii. The protocol's key requirement is the collision-resistant encoding of bits, which is achieved by the incorporation of black bursts. Besides revisiting black bursts and proposing measures to optimize their detection, robustness, and implementation on wireless sensor nodes, the first part of this thesis presents the mode of operation and time behavior of ACTP. In addition, possible applications of ACTP are illustrated, presenting solutions to well-known problems of distributed systems like leader election and data dissemination. Furthermore, results of experimental evaluations with customary wireless transceivers are outlined to provide evidence of the protocol's implementability and benefits. In the second part of this thesis, the focus is shifted from concrete deterministic protocols to their model-driven development with the Specification and Description Language (SDL). Though SDL is well-established in the domain of telecommunication and distributed systems, the predictability of its implementations is often insufficient as previous projects have shown. To increase this predictability and to improve SDL's applicability to time-critical systems, real-time tasks, an approved concept in the design of real-time systems, are transferred to SDL and extended to cover node-spanning system tasks. In this regard, a priority-based execution and suspension model is introduced in SDL, which enables task-specific priority assignments in the SDL specification that are orthogonal to the static structure of SDL systems and control transition execution orders on design as well as on implementation level. Both the formal incorporation of real-time tasks into SDL and their implementation in a novel scheduling strategy are discussed in this context. By means of evaluations on wireless sensor nodes, evidence is provided that these extensions reduce worst-case execution times substantially, and improve the predictability of SDL implementations and the language's applicability to real-time systems

    Energy-Aware System Design with SDL

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