29,504 research outputs found
Migration energy aware reconfigurations of virtual network function instances in NFV architectures
Network function virtualization (NFV) is a new network architecture framework that implements network functions in software running on a pool of shared commodity servers. NFV can provide the infrastructure flexibility and agility needed to successfully compete in today's evolving communications landscape. Any service is represented by a service function chain (SFC) that is a set of VNFs to be executed according to a given order. The running of VNFs needs the instantiation of VNF instances (VNFIs) that are software modules executed on virtual machines. This paper deals with the migration problem of the VNFIs needed in the low traffic periods to turn OFF servers and consequently to save energy consumption. Though the consolidation allows for energy saving, it has also negative effects as the quality of service degradation or the energy consumption needed for moving the memories associated to the VNFI to be migrated. We focus on cold migration in which virtual machines are redundant and suspended before performing migration. We propose a migration policy that determines when and where to migrate VNFI in response to changes to SFC request intensity. The objective is to minimize the total energy consumption given by the sum of the consolidation and migration energies. We formulate the energy aware VNFI migration problem and after proving that it is NP-hard, we propose a heuristic based on the Viterbi algorithm able to determine the migration policy with low computational complexity. The results obtained by the proposed heuristic show how the introduced policy allows for a reduction of the migration energy and consequently lower total energy consumption with respect to the traditional policies. The energy saving can be on the order of 40% with respect to a policy in which migration is not performed
On Reliability-Aware Server Consolidation in Cloud Datacenters
In the past few years, datacenter (DC) energy consumption has become an
important issue in technology world. Server consolidation using virtualization
and virtual machine (VM) live migration allows cloud DCs to improve resource
utilization and hence energy efficiency. In order to save energy, consolidation
techniques try to turn off the idle servers, while because of workload
fluctuations, these offline servers should be turned on to support the
increased resource demands. These repeated on-off cycles could affect the
hardware reliability and wear-and-tear of servers and as a result, increase the
maintenance and replacement costs. In this paper we propose a holistic
mathematical model for reliability-aware server consolidation with the
objective of minimizing total DC costs including energy and reliability costs.
In fact, we try to minimize the number of active PMs and racks, in a
reliability-aware manner. We formulate the problem as a Mixed Integer Linear
Programming (MILP) model which is in form of NP-complete. Finally, we evaluate
the performance of our approach in different scenarios using extensive
numerical MATLAB simulations.Comment: International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing
(ISPDC), Innsbruck, Austria, 201
Energy-Efficient Management of Data Center Resources for Cloud Computing: A Vision, Architectural Elements, and Open Challenges
Cloud computing is offering utility-oriented IT services to users worldwide.
Based on a pay-as-you-go model, it enables hosting of pervasive applications
from consumer, scientific, and business domains. However, data centers hosting
Cloud applications consume huge amounts of energy, contributing to high
operational costs and carbon footprints to the environment. Therefore, we need
Green Cloud computing solutions that can not only save energy for the
environment but also reduce operational costs. This paper presents vision,
challenges, and architectural elements for energy-efficient management of Cloud
computing environments. We focus on the development of dynamic resource
provisioning and allocation algorithms that consider the synergy between
various data center infrastructures (i.e., the hardware, power units, cooling
and software), and holistically work to boost data center energy efficiency and
performance. In particular, this paper proposes (a) architectural principles
for energy-efficient management of Clouds; (b) energy-efficient resource
allocation policies and scheduling algorithms considering quality-of-service
expectations, and devices power usage characteristics; and (c) a novel software
technology for energy-efficient management of Clouds. We have validated our
approach by conducting a set of rigorous performance evaluation study using the
CloudSim toolkit. The results demonstrate that Cloud computing model has
immense potential as it offers significant performance gains as regards to
response time and cost saving under dynamic workload scenarios.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures,Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference
on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA
2010), Las Vegas, USA, July 12-15, 201
Energy-Aware Cloud Management through Progressive SLA Specification
Novel energy-aware cloud management methods dynamically reallocate
computation across geographically distributed data centers to leverage regional
electricity price and temperature differences. As a result, a managed VM may
suffer occasional downtimes. Current cloud providers only offer high
availability VMs, without enough flexibility to apply such energy-aware
management. In this paper we show how to analyse past traces of dynamic cloud
management actions based on electricity prices and temperatures to estimate VM
availability and price values. We propose a novel SLA specification approach
for offering VMs with different availability and price values guaranteed over
multiple SLAs to enable flexible energy-aware cloud management. We determine
the optimal number of such SLAs as well as their availability and price
guaranteed values. We evaluate our approach in a user SLA selection simulation
using Wikipedia and Grid'5000 workloads. The results show higher customer
conversion and 39% average energy savings per VM.Comment: 14 pages, conferenc
InterCloud: Utility-Oriented Federation of Cloud Computing Environments for Scaling of Application Services
Cloud computing providers have setup several data centers at different
geographical locations over the Internet in order to optimally serve needs of
their customers around the world. However, existing systems do not support
mechanisms and policies for dynamically coordinating load distribution among
different Cloud-based data centers in order to determine optimal location for
hosting application services to achieve reasonable QoS levels. Further, the
Cloud computing providers are unable to predict geographic distribution of
users consuming their services, hence the load coordination must happen
automatically, and distribution of services must change in response to changes
in the load. To counter this problem, we advocate creation of federated Cloud
computing environment (InterCloud) that facilitates just-in-time,
opportunistic, and scalable provisioning of application services, consistently
achieving QoS targets under variable workload, resource and network conditions.
The overall goal is to create a computing environment that supports dynamic
expansion or contraction of capabilities (VMs, services, storage, and database)
for handling sudden variations in service demands.
This paper presents vision, challenges, and architectural elements of
InterCloud for utility-oriented federation of Cloud computing environments. The
proposed InterCloud environment supports scaling of applications across
multiple vendor clouds. We have validated our approach by conducting a set of
rigorous performance evaluation study using the CloudSim toolkit. The results
demonstrate that federated Cloud computing model has immense potential as it
offers significant performance gains as regards to response time and cost
saving under dynamic workload scenarios.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, conference pape
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