Scalar and vector decomposition of the nucleon self-energy in the relativistic Brueckner approach

We investigate the momentum dependence of the nucleon self-energy in nuclear matter. We apply the relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach and adopt the Bonn A potential. A strong momentum dependence of the scalar and vector self-energy components can be observed when a commonly used pseudo-vector choice for the covariant representation of the T-matrix is applied. This momentum dependence is dominated by the pion exchange. We discuss the problems of this choice and its relations to on-shell ambiguities of the T-matrix representation. Starting from a complete pseudo-vector representation of the T-matrix, which reproduces correctly the pseudo-vector pion-exchange contributions at the Hartree-Fock level, we observe a much weaker momentum dependence of the self-energy. This fixes the range of the inherent uncertainty in the determination of the scalar and vector self-energy components. Comparing to other work, we find that extracting the self-energy components by a fit to the single particle potential leads to even more ambiguous results.Comment: 35 pages RevTex, 7 PS figures, replaced by a revised and extended versio

High-energy exclusive leptoproduction of vector mesons

The physics of diffractive vector meson production in virtual photon nucleon scattering at NMC energies is reviewed. A particular attention is paid to the physical aspects of the reaction and how they influence the observables. The reaction is a good probe to investigate both soft exchange mechanisms and hadronic wave functions. Extension to either HERA or ELFE kinematics is sketched out.Comment: Contribution to the workshop "ELFE at DESY" (St-Malo, Sep. 96), 15 pages, LaTeX file, 8 figures, uses eps

QCD sum rules for Δ\Delta isobar in nuclear matter

The self-energies of $\Delta$ isobar propagating in nuclear matter are calculated using the finite-density QCD sum-rule methods. The calculations show that the Lorentz vector self-energy for the $\Delta$ is significantly smaller than the nucleon vector self-energy. The magnitude of the $\Delta$ scalar self-energy is larger than the corresponding value for the nucleon, which suggests a strong attractive net self-energy for the $\Delta$; however, the prediction for the scalar self-energy is very sensitive to the density dependence of certain in-medium four-quark condensate. Phenomenological implications for the couplings of the $\Delta$ to the nuclear scalar and vector fields are briefly discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, which can be obtained upon reques

Low- and High-Energy Expansion of Heavy-Quark Correlators at Next-To-Next-To-Leading Order

We calculate three-loop corrections to correlation functions of heavy-quark currents in the low- and high-energy regions. We present 30 coefficients both in the low-energy and the high-energy expansion of the scalar and the vector correlator with non-diagonal flavour structure. In addition we compute 30 coefficients in the high-energy expansion of the diagonal vector, axial-vector, scalar and pseudo-scalar correlators. Possible applications of our new results are improvements of lattice-based quark-mass determinations and the approximate reconstruction of the full momentum dependence of the correlators.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures; corrected diagram in example and extended discussio

Phantom energy from graded algebras

We construct a model of phantom energy using the graded Lie algebra SU(2/1). The negative kinetic energy of the phantom field emerges naturally from the graded Lie algebra, resulting in an equation of state with w<-1. The model also contains ordinary scalar fields and anti-commuting (Grassmann) vector fields which can be taken as two component dark matter. A potential term is generated for both the phantom fields and the ordinary scalar fields via a postulated condensate of the Grassmann vector fields. Since the phantom energy and dark matter arise from the same Lagrangian the phantom energy and dark matter of this model are coupled via the Grassman vector fields. In the model presented here phantom energy and dark matter come from a gauge principle rather than being introduced in an ad hoc manner.Comment: 8 pages no figures; references added and discussion on condensate of vector grassman fields added. To be published MPL

Vector Dark Matter Detection using the Quantum Jump of Atoms

The hidden sector U(1) vector bosons created from inflationary fluctuations can be a substantial fraction of dark matter if their mass is around $10^{-5}$eV. The creation mechanism makes the vector bosons' energy spectral density $\rho_{cdm}/\Delta E$ very high. Therefore, the dark electric dipole transition rate in atoms is boosted if the energy gap between atomic states equals the mass of the vector bosons. By using the Zeeman effect, the energy gap between the 2S state and the 2P state in hydrogen atoms or hydrogen like ions can be tuned. The $2S$ state can be populated with electrons due to its relatively long life, which is about $1/7$s. When the energy gap between the semi-ground $2S$ state and the 2P state matches the mass of the cosmic vector bosons, induced transitions occur and the 2P state subsequently decays into the 1S state. The $2P\to1S$ decay emitted Lyman-$\alpha$ photons can then be registered. The choices of target atoms depend on the experimental facilities and the mass ranges of the vector bosons. Because the mass of the vector boson is connected to the inflation scale, the proposed experiment may provide a probe to inflation.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures; references added; matches version published in PL