A Novel EE-LEACH Protocol on Multipath Routing with Low Power Transmission

MANET is a network consists of set of mobile nodes with no central administration. Mobile Ad hoc networks are the most flexible networks with the collection of verity of wireless mobile host with IP connectivity forming temporary networks without a central administration. In most MANET multipath routing protocols are needed to facilitate efficient connectivity between source and destination. It faces various challenges in routing. Many routing protocols have been evaluated for better performance in terms of delays, throughputs and congestion control in multipath routing. Energy is the main consideration factor on design wireless sensor network. Practically leading is to limited network lifetime of WSN. In order to maximize the lifetime of MANET, traffic should be sent via a route that can avoid node with low energy while minimizing the total transmission power. The proposed protocol is EE-LEACH provides an optimized route by considering the energy of the nodes in the network. The performance of the proposed technique was evaluated by using MATLAB software

Reliable routing scheme for indoor sensor networks

Indoor Wireless sensor networks require a highly dynamic, adaptive routing scheme to deal with the high rate of topology changes due to fading of indoor wireless channels. Besides that, energy consumption rate needs to be consistently distributed among sensor nodes and efficient utilization of battery power is essential. If only the link reliability metric is considered in the routing scheme, it may create long hops routes, and the high quality paths will be frequently used. This leads to shorter lifetime of such paths; thereby the entire network's lifetime will be significantly minimized. This paper briefly presents a reliable load-balanced routing (RLBR) scheme for indoor ad hoc wireless sensor networks, which integrates routing information from different layers. The proposed scheme aims to redistribute the relaying workload and the energy usage among relay sensor nodes to achieve balanced energy dissipation; thereby maximizing the functional network lifetime. RLBR scheme was tested and benchmarked against the TinyOS-2.x implementation of MintRoute on an indoor testbed comprising 20 Mica2 motes and low power listening (LPL) link layer provided by CC1000 radio. RLBR scheme consumes less energy for communications while reducing topology repair latency and achieves better connectivity and communication reliability in terms of end-to-end packets delivery performance

An Overview of Distributed Energy-Efficient Topology Control for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

A wireless ad hoc network is composed of several tiny and inexpensive device such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs) which have limited energy. In this network energy, efficiency is one of the most crucial requirements. Data transmitting in minimum power level is one way of maximizing energy efficiency. Thus, transmission power level of nodes should be managed in a smart way to improve energy efficiency. Topology control is one of the main algorithms used in a wireless network to decrease transmission power level while preserving network connectivity. Topology control could improve energy efficiency by reasonably tuning the transmission power level while preserving network connectivity in order to increase network capacity and lifetime. In pursuit of energy efficiency and connectivity, nodes can be selfish and are conflicting with each other. Therefore to overcome the conflict, game theory is used to construct energy efficient topology, as well as minimizing energy consumption. In this paper, the main goal and most recent energy efficient topology control algorithms in WSNs and ad hoc network are classified and studied according to their specific goals

ENERGY CONSERVATION FOR WIRELESS AD HOC ROUTING

Self-configuring wireless ad hoc networks have attracted considerable attention in the last few years due to their valuable civil and military applications. One aspect of such networks that has been studied insufficiently is the energy efficiency. Energy efficiency is crucial to prolong the network lifetime and thus make the network more survivable.Nodes in wireless ad hoc networks are most likely to be driven by battery and hence operate on an extremely frugal energy budget. Conventional ad hoc routing protocols are focused on handling the mobility instead of energy efficiency. Energy efficient routing strategies proposed in literature either do not take advantage of sleep modes to conserve energy more efficiently, or incur much overhead in terms of control message and computing complexity to schedule sleep modes and thus are not scalable.In this dissertation, a novel strategy is proposed to manage the sleep of the nodes in the network so that energy can be conserved and network connectivity can be kept. The novelty of the strategy is its extreme simplicity. The idea is derived from the results of the percolation theory, typically called gossiping. Gossiping is a convenient and effective approach and has been successfully applied to several areas of the networking. In the proposed work, we will developa sleep management protocol from gossiping for both static and mobile wireless ad hoc networks. Then the protocol will be extended to the asynchronous network, where nodes manage their own states independently. Analysis and simulations will be conducted to show thecorrectness, effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed work. The comparison between analytical and simulation results will justify them for each other. We will investigate the most important performance aspects concerning the proposed strategy, including the effect ofparameter tuning and the impacts of routing protocols. Furthermore, multiple extensions will be developed to improve the performance and make the proposed strategy apply to different network scenarios

Improve Energy Efficiency In Cooperative Medium Access Control Protocol For Wireless Networks

Cooperative communication has drawn a substantial attention in recent years due to the efficient and optimal utilization of constraint resources in dynamic wireless networks at a reduced infrastructural deployment and cost. In the medium access control (MAC) layer perspective, two major problems are associated with cooperative networks. The ability of cooperative MAC (CMAC) protocols to achieve multi-objective target orientation limit their adaptation to the future generation of wireless networks, since most of the existing protocols focus only on a single target objective. Besides, the sustainability of energy-constrained wireless networks due to limited energy supply capacity hinders their performance to ensure stable and reliable communication. These aforementioned problems limit the adaptation of the existing protocols to fit into the future generation of wireless networks. To adequately address these problems, two distinct CMAC protocols are proposed in this thesis to cater for the unpredictable and dynamic nature of the wireless network. Firstly, a new network lifetime-aware CMAC protocol named LEA-CMAC is proposed for energy-constrained wireless ad-hoc networks. An optimization problem is formulated with an objective of extending the lifetime of the network. The solution to this non-linear problem is provided in terms of optimal transmit power at the source and relay terminals in symmetric and asymmetric transmit power policies. The solution provided by this protocol is limited in terms of energy efficiency and network lifetime since the network totally rely on the helper nodes limited-powered batteries for their transmissions. Secondly, a novel CMAC protocol with radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting (EH) capability named EH-CMAC is proposed in a reactive relaying energy-constrained wireless ad-hoc networks to address the limitation in the earlier proposed LEA-CMAC protocol. The protocol possesses the ability to ensure a sustainable and reliable wireless connectivity in a dynamic wireless environment through the selection of an appropriate transmission mode that best suits the instantaneous network requirement. The protocol comprises of two distinct energy-efficient techniques namely, the outage probability quality-of-service (QoS) requirement and the transmit power optimization techniques which are applied in both traditional and EH relaying schemes. These techniques are selected and adapted based on the instantaneous network information and target objectives. In addition, a distributed and adaptive relay selection backoff process is proposed in each case to satisfy the available network information and achieve a multi-objective target oriented protocol. Through extensive simulation and comparison with existing CMAC protocols, the results show that LEA-CMAC extend the network lifetime by 85.67% over an existing CMAC protocol, while EH-CMAC extends the network lifetime by 90.99% over a traditional CMAC protocol. Thus, both protocols achieve a multi-objective target orientation under general circumstances

A Review of the Energy Efficient and Secure Multicast Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad hoc Networks

This paper presents a thorough survey of recent work addressing energy efficient multicast routing protocols and secure multicast routing protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). There are so many issues and solutions which witness the need of energy management and security in ad hoc wireless networks. The objective of a multicast routing protocol for MANETs is to support the propagation of data from a sender to all the receivers of a multicast group while trying to use the available bandwidth efficiently in the presence of frequent topology changes. Multicasting can improve the efficiency of the wireless link when sending multiple copies of messages by exploiting the inherent broadcast property of wireless transmission. Secure multicast routing plays a significant role in MANETs. However, offering energy efficient and secure multicast routing is a difficult and challenging task. In recent years, various multicast routing protocols have been proposed for MANETs. These protocols have distinguishing features and use different mechanismsComment: 15 page