Energy Efficient Schemes for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)

Conservation of energy is the main design issue in wirelesssensor network (WSN) which is usually available at each node. Althoughdifferent solutions have been introduced for typical wireless networks,cellular networks, MANET, and other short-range wireless local areanetworks, yet they are not often much feasible for a large scale WSN.For this purpose, multiple mobile sink nodes can be deployed to increasethe life of sensor network. The purpose can be achieved by splitting thelife time into equal time interval known as rounds. Similarly, byemploying multiple sink nodes can also make the sensor network moreenergy efficient. Another way to make the sensor network energyefficient is to logically divide the deployment area into static clusters. Byadopting the strategy of static cluster, energy consumption can beminimized. The two major wireless standards used by WSN are 802.15.4and Zigbee [1],[2] .They are low-power protocols. Maximum distance isaround 100m (at 2.4 GHz). However, performance is an issue. In orderto assure the Wireless sensor network (WSN)s survivability and increasethe lifetime of network in such environments, various energy efficiencyschemes have been proposed in the literature. Energy is a valuablecommodity in wireless networks due to the limited battery of the handydevices. The energy problem becomes stiffer in ad-hoc WSN)

Survey on Data-Centric based Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

The great concern for energy that grew with the technological advances in the field of networks and especially in sensor network has triggered various approaches and protocols that relate to sensor networks. In this context, the routing protocols were of great interest. The aim of the present paper is to discuss routing protocols for sensor networks. This paper will focus mainly on the discussion of the data-centric approach (COUGAR, rumor, SPIN, flooding and Gossiping), while shedding light on the other approaches occasionally. The functions of the nodes will be discussed as well. The methodology selected for this paper is based on a close description and discussion of the protocol. As a conclusion, open research questions and limitations are proposed to the reader at the end of this paper

A Survey on Wireless Sensor Network Security

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have recently attracted a lot of interest in the research community due their wide range of applications. Due to distributed nature of these networks and their deployment in remote areas, these networks are vulnerable to numerous security threats that can adversely affect their proper functioning. This problem is more critical if the network is deployed for some mission-critical applications such as in a tactical battlefield. Random failure of nodes is also very likely in real-life deployment scenarios. Due to resource constraints in the sensor nodes, traditional security mechanisms with large overhead of computation and communication are infeasible in WSNs. Security in sensor networks is, therefore, a particularly challenging task. This paper discusses the current state of the art in security mechanisms for WSNs. Various types of attacks are discussed and their countermeasures presented. A brief discussion on the future direction of research in WSN security is also included.Comment: 24 pages, 4 figures, 2 table

Combined Coverage Area Reporting and Geographical Routing in Wireless Sensor-Actuator Networks for Cooperating with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

In wireless sensor network (WSN) applications with multiple gateways, it is key to route location dependent subscriptions efficiently at two levels in the system. At the gateway level, data sinks must not waste the energy of the WSN by injecting subscriptions that are not relevant for the nodes in their coverage area and at WSN level, energy-efficient delivery of subscriptions to target areas is required. In this paper, we propose a mechanism in which (1) the WSN provides an accurate and up-to-date coverage area description to gateways and (2) the wireless sensor network re-uses the collected coverage area information to enable efficient geographical routing of location dependent subscriptions and other messages. The latter has a focus on routing of messages injected from sink nodes to nodes in the region of interest. Our proposed mechanisms are evaluated in simulation