A Concurrence Study on Interoperability Issues in IoT and Decision Making Based Model on Data and Services being used during Inter-Operability

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) has become an important topic among researchers owing to its potential to change the way we live and use smart devices. In recent years, many research work found in the world are interrelated and convey via the existing web structure which makes a worldwide system called IoT. This study focused on the significant improvement of answers for a wider scope of gadgets and the Internet of Things IoT stages in recent years. In any case, each arrangement gives its very own IoT framework, gadgets, APIs, and information configurations promoting interoperability issues. These issues are the outcome of numerous basic issues, difficulty to create IoT application uncovering cross-stage, and additionally cross-space, trouble in connecting non-interoperable IoT gadgets to various IoT stages, what's more, eventually averts the development of IoT innovation at an enormous scale. To authorize consistent data sharing between various IoT vendors, endeavors by a few academia, industrial, and institutional groups have accelerated to support IoT interoperability. This paper plays out a far-reaching study on the cutting-edge answers for encouraging interoperability between various IoT stages. Likewise, the key difficulties in this theme are introduced

Engineering Semantic Communication: A Survey

As the global demand for data has continued to rise exponentially, some have begun turning to the idea of semantic communication as a means of efficiently meeting this demand. Pushing beyond the boundaries of conventional communication systems, semantic communication focuses on the accurate recovery of the meaning conveyed from source to receiver, as opposed to the accurate recovery of transmitted symbols. In this survey, we aim to provide a comprehensive view of the history and current state of semantic communication and the techniques for engineering this higher level of communication. A survey of the current literature reveals four broad approaches to engineering semantic communication. We term the earliest of these approaches classical semantic information, which seeks to extend information-theoretic results to include semantic information. A second approach makes use of knowledge graphs to achieve semantic communication, and a third utilizes the power of modern deep learning techniques to facilitate this communication. The fourth approach focuses on the significance of information, rather than its meaning, to achieve efficient, goal-oriented communication. We discuss each of these four approaches and their corresponding studies in detail, and provide some challenges and opportunities that pertain to each approach. Finally, we introduce a novel approach to semantic communication, which we term context-based semantic communication. Inspired by the way in which humans naturally communicate with one another, this context-based approach provides a general, optimization-based design framework for semantic communication systems. Together, this survey provides a useful guide for the design and implementation of semantic communication systems.Comment: 30 pages, 14 figures. This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessibl