11,701 research outputs found
Transport Protocols in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey
Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) have emerged as a promising solution to
enhance spectrum utilization by using unused or less used spectrum in radio
environments. The basic idea of CRNs is to allow secondary users (SUs) access
to licensed spectrum, under the condition that the interference perceived by
the primary users (PUs) is minimal. In CRNs, the channel availability is
uncertainty due to the existence of PUs, resulting in intermittent
communication. Transmission control protocol (TCP) performance may
significantly degrade in such conditions. To address the challenges, some
transport protocols have been proposed for reliable transmission in CRNs. In
this paper we survey the state-of-the-art transport protocols for CRNs. We
firstly highlight the unique aspects of CRNs, and describe the challenges of
transport protocols in terms of PU behavior, spectrum sensing, spectrum
changing and TCP mechanism itself over CRNs. Then, we provide a summary and
comparison of existing transport protocols for CRNs. Finally, we discuss
several open issues and research challenges. To the best of our knowledge, our
work is the first survey on transport protocols for CRNs.Comment: to appear in KSII Transactions on Internet and Information System
Resource Management of energy-aware Cognitive Radio Networks and cloud-based Infrastructures
The field of wireless networks has been rapidly developed during the past
decade due to the increasing popularity of the mobile devices. The great demand
for mobility and connectivity makes wireless networking a field whose
continuous technological development is very important as new challenges and
issues are arising. Many scientists and researchers are currently engaged in
developing new approaches and optimization methods in several topics of
wireless networking. This survey paper study works from the following topics:
Cognitive Radio Networks, Interactive Broadcasting, Energy Efficient Networks,
Cloud Computing and Resource Management, Interactive Marketing and
Optimization
Delay Analysis of Multichannel Opportunistic Spectrum Access MAC Protocols
We provide in this paper a comprehensive delay and queueing analysis for two
baseline medium access control (MAC) protocols for multi-user cognitive radio
(CR) networks and investigate the impact of different network parameters, such
as packet size, Aloha-type medium access probability and number of channels on
the system performance. In addition to an accurate Markov chain, which follows
the queue status of all users, several lower complexity queueing theory
approximations are provided. Accuracy and performance of the proposed
analytical approximations are verified with extensive simulations. It is
observed that for CR networks using an Aloha-type access to the control
channel, a buffering MAC protocol, where in case of interruption the CR user
waits for the primary user to vacate the channel before resuming the
transmission, outperforms a switching MAC protocol, where the CR user vacates
the channel in case of appearance of primary users and then compete again to
gain access to a new channel. The reason is that the delay bottleneck for both
protocols is the time required to successfully access the control channel,
which occurs more frequently for the switching MAC protocol. We also propose a
user clustering approach, where users are divided into clusters with a separate
control channel per cluster, and observe that it can significantly improve the
performance by reducing the number of competing users per control channel.Comment: 1 table, 2 algorithms and 14 figure
Information Diffusion issues
In this report there will be a discussion for Information Diffusion. There
will be discussions on what information diffusion is, its key characteristics
and on several other aspects of these kinds of networks. This report will focus
on peer to peer models in information diffusion. There will be discussions on
epidemic model, OSN and other details related to information diffusion.Comment: 7 page
Performance Analysis of Spectrum Handoff for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks without Common Control Channel under Homogeneous Primary Traffic
Cognitive radio (CR) technology is regarded as a promising solution to the
spectrum scarcity problem. Due to the spectrum varying nature of CR networks,
unlicensed users are required to perform spectrum handoffs when licensed users
reuse the spectrum. In this paper, we study the performance of the spectrum
handoff process in a CR ad hoc network under homogeneous primary traffic. We
propose a novel three dimensional discrete-time Markov chain to characterize
the process of spectrum handoffs and analyze the performance of unlicensed
users. Since in real CR networks, a dedicated common control channel is not
practical, in our model, we implement a network coordination scheme where no
dedicated common control channel is needed. Moreover, in wireless
communications, collisions among simultaneous transmissions cannot be
immediately detected and the whole collided packets need to be retransmitted,
which greatly affects the network performance. With this observation, we also
consider the retransmissions of the collided packets in our proposed
discrete-time Markov chain. In addition, besides the random channel selection
scheme, we study the impact of different channel selection schemes on the
performance of the spectrum handoff process. Furthermore, we also consider the
spectrum sensing delay in our proposed Markov model and investigate its effect
on the network performance. We validate the numerical results obtained from our
proposed Markov model against simulation and investigate other parameters of
interest in the spectrum handoff scenario. Our proposed analytical model can be
applied to various practical network scenarios. It also provides new insights
on the process of spectrum handoffs. Currently, no existing analysis has
considered the comprehensive aspects of spectrum handoff as what we consider in
this paper.Comment: to appear in IEEE INFOCOM 201
A study of research trends and issues in wireless ad hoc networks
Ad hoc network enables network creation on the fly without support of any
predefined infrastructure. The spontaneous erection of networks in anytime and
anywhere fashion enables development of various novel applications based on ad
hoc networks. However, at the same ad hoc network presents several new
challenges. Different research proposals have came forward to resolve these
challenges. This chapter provides a survey of current issues, solutions and
research trends in wireless ad hoc network. Even though various surveys are
already available on the topic, rapid developments in recent years call for an
updated account on this topic. The chapter has been organized as follows. In
the first part of the chapter, various ad hoc network's issues arising at
different layers of TCP/IP protocol stack are presented. An overview of
research proposals to address each of these issues is also provided. The second
part of the chapter investigates various emerging models of ad hoc networks,
discusses their distinctive properties and highlights various research issues
arising due to these properties. We specifically provide discussion on ad hoc
grids, ad hoc clouds, wireless mesh networks and cognitive radio ad hoc
networks. The chapter ends with presenting summary of the current research on
ad hoc network, ignored research areas and directions for further research
Effective Capacity in Wireless Networks: A Comprehensive Survey
Low latency applications, such as multimedia communications, autonomous
vehicles, and Tactile Internet are the emerging applications for
next-generation wireless networks, such as 5th generation (5G) mobile networks.
Existing physical-layer channel models, however, do not explicitly consider
quality-of-service (QoS) aware related parameters under specific delay
constraints. To investigate the performance of low-latency applications in
future networks, a new mathematical framework is needed. Effective capacity
(EC), which is a link-layer channel model with QoS-awareness, can be used to
investigate the performance of wireless networks under certain statistical
delay constraints. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on existing
works, that use the EC model in various wireless networks. We summarize the
work related to EC for different networks such as cognitive radio networks
(CRNs), cellular networks, relay networks, adhoc networks, and mesh networks.
We explore five case studies encompassing EC operation with different design
and architectural requirements. We survey various delay-sensitive applications
such as voice and video with their EC analysis under certain delay constraints.
We finally present the future research directions with open issues covering EC
maximization
Exploiting the power of multiplicity: a holistic survey of network-layer multipath
The Internet is inherently a multipath network---for an underlying network
with only a single path connecting various nodes would have been debilitatingly
fragile. Unfortunately, traditional Internet technologies have been designed
around the restrictive assumption of a single working path between a source and
a destination. The lack of native multipath support constrains network
performance even as the underlying network is richly connected and has
redundant multiple paths. Computer networks can exploit the power of
multiplicity to unlock the inherent redundancy of the Internet. This opens up a
new vista of opportunities promising increased throughput (through concurrent
usage of multiple paths) and increased reliability and fault-tolerance (through
the use of multiple paths in backup/ redundant arrangements). There are many
emerging trends in networking that signify that the Internet's future will be
unmistakably multipath, including the use of multipath technology in datacenter
computing; multi-interface, multi-channel, and multi-antenna trends in
wireless; ubiquity of mobile devices that are multi-homed with heterogeneous
access networks; and the development and standardization of multipath transport
protocols such as MP-TCP.
The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive survey of the literature
on network-layer multipath solutions. We will present a detailed investigation
of two important design issues, namely the control plane problem of how to
compute and select the routes, and the data plane problem of how to split the
flow on the computed paths. The main contribution of this paper is a systematic
articulation of the main design issues in network-layer multipath routing along
with a broad-ranging survey of the vast literature on network-layer
multipathing. We also highlight open issues and identify directions for future
work
Analysis of Information Delivery Dynamics in Cognitive Sensor Networks Using Epidemic Models
To fully empower sensor networks with cognitive Internet of Things (IoT)
technology, efficient medium access control protocols that enable the
coexistence of cognitive sensor networks with current wireless infrastructure
are as essential as the cognitive power in data fusion and processing due to
shared wireless spectrum. Cognitive radio (CR) is introduced to increase
spectrum efficiency and support such an endeavor, which thereby becomes a
promising building block toward facilitating cognitive IoT. In this paper,
primary users (PUs) refer to devices in existing wireless infrastructure, and
secondary users (SUs) refer to cognitive sensors. For interference control
between PUs and SUs, SUs adopt dynamic spectrum access and power adjustment to
ensure sufficient operation of PUs, which inevitably leads to increasing
latency and poses new challenges on the reliability of IoT communications.
To guarantee operations of primary systems while simultaneously optimizing
system performance in cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs), this paper
proposes interference-aware flooding schemes exploiting global timeout and
vaccine recovery schemes to control the heavy buffer occupancy induced by
packet replications. The information delivery dynamics of SUs under the
proposed interference-aware recovery-assisted flooding schemes is analyzed via
epidemic models and stochastic geometry from a macroscopic view of the entire
system. The simulation results show that our model can efficiently capture the
complicated data delivery dynamics in CRAHNs in terms of end-to-end
transmission reliability and buffer occupancy. This paper sheds new light on
analysis of recovery-assisted flooding schemes in CRAHNs and provides
performance evaluation of cognitive IoT services built upon CRAHNs.Comment: 10 page
Aeronautical Ad Hoc Networking for the Internet-Above-The-Clouds
The engineering vision of relying on the ``smart sky" for supporting air
traffic and the ``Internet above the clouds" for in-flight entertainment has
become imperative for the future aircraft industry. Aeronautical ad hoc
Networking (AANET) constitutes a compelling concept for providing broadband
communications above clouds by extending the coverage of Air-to-Ground (A2G)
networks to oceanic and remote airspace via autonomous and self-configured
wireless networking amongst commercial passenger airplanes. The AANET concept
may be viewed as a new member of the family of Mobile ad hoc Networks (MANETs)
in action above the clouds. However, AANETs have more dynamic topologies,
larger and more variable geographical network size, stricter security
requirements and more hostile transmission conditions. These specific
characteristics lead to more grave challenges in aircraft mobility modeling,
aeronautical channel modeling and interference mitigation as well as in network
scheduling and routing. This paper provides an overview of AANET solutions by
characterizing the associated scenarios, requirements and challenges.
Explicitly, the research addressing the key techniques of AANETs, such as their
mobility models, network scheduling and routing, security and interference are
reviewed. Furthermore, we also identify the remaining challenges associated
with developing AANETs and present their prospective solutions as well as open
issues. The design framework of AANETs and the key technical issues are
investigated along with some recent research results. Furthermore, a range of
performance metrics optimized in designing AANETs and a number of
representative multi-objective optimization algorithms are outlined
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