Grid Capacity Issues with Distributed Generation

Climate change is more evident than ever as reflected in The European union's environmental directives which say that the carbon emission must be reduced by 20% and 20% of the used energy must come from renewable energy sources until 2020. In Germany political decision has been made that the nuclear power will be replaced by renewable energy in long term. The purpose of the Master Thesis is to investigate how high penetration of photovoltaic affects the electrical grid on a distribution level concerning active power and map the potential for different renewable energy sources in Germany. Using a simulation model and grid data received from E.ON the goal is to map what problems that may occur and evaluate different measures for solving the problems. The data and information collection have been done by interviews and literature studies. The simulation program that has been used is DIGSILENT Power Factory where all the simulations have been static ones. Different load profiles for households have been handed by an internal source in E.ON and evaluated before inserted in the simulations. The studied measures for balancing the active power are battery storages of different technologies, load shifting and biomass power plants. The investigated battery technologies were Li-ion batteries, Lead-acid batteries and Vanadium Redox flow batteries. The main purpose of evaluating three different technologies is the costs for each technology. Battery storages and load shifting have been used for all load profiles, the biomass power plants have been used while the PV output has been low. The results showed that Germany is able to increase its wind and PV output in the future. Implementation of battery storage and load shifting will balance the grid and less power will be taken from the transmission grid. Load shifting is very hard to analyze and utilize but assumed to have low capital costs. Load shifting in households is also a very immature technology. Storing energy is the most effective measure for balancing the active power because of the valuable property to store energy and use when it is needed. But the costs of battery storages are high even if no costs of power electronics were included. Implementation of a 10 MW biomass power plant will balance the active power while low production of PV and high demand

Microgrids: Planning, Protection and Control

This Special Issue will include papers related to the planning, protection, and control of smart grids and microgrids, and their applications in the industry, transportation, water, waste, and urban and residential infrastructures. Authors are encouraged to present their latest research; reviews on topics including methods, approaches, systems, and technology; and interfaces to other domains such as big data, cybersecurity, human–machine, sustainability, and smart cities. The planning side of microgrids might include technology selection, scheduling, interconnected microgrids, and their integration with regional energy infrastructures. The protection side of microgrids might include topics related to protection strategies, risk management, protection technologies, abnormal scenario assessments, equipment and system protection layers, fault diagnosis, validation and verification, and intelligent safety systems. The control side of smart grids and microgrids might include control strategies, intelligent control algorithms and systems, control architectures, technologies, embedded systems, monitoring, and deployment and implementation

Protection of Future Electricity Systems

The electrical energy industry is undergoing dramatic changes: massive deployment of renewables, increasing share of DC networks at transmission and distribution levels, and at the same time, a continuing reduction in conventional synchronous generation, all contribute to a situation where a variety of technical and economic challenges emerge. As the society’s reliance on electrical power continues to increase as a result of international decarbonisation commitments, the need for secure and uninterrupted delivery of electrical energy to all customers has never been greater. Power system protection plays an important enabling role in future decarbonized energy systems. This book includes ten papers covering a wide range of topics related to protection system problems and solutions, such as adaptive protection, protection of HVDC and LVDC systems, unconventional or enhanced protection methods, protection of superconducting transmission cables, and high voltage lightning protection. This volume has been edited by Adam Dyśko, Senior Lecturer at the University of Strathclyde, UK, and Dimitrios Tzelepis, Research Fellow at the University of Strathclyde

Язык и мировая культура: взгляд молодых исследователей. Ч. 2

Настоящий сборник объединяет исследовательские проекты студентов Энергетического института Национального исследовательского Томского политехнического университета и содержит материалы, представляющие широ­кий круг научно-учебных интересов в парадигме современных технических знаний. Предназначен для преподавателей, аспирантов и студентов

Optimization Methods Applied to Power Systems Ⅱ

Electrical power systems are complex networks that include a set of electrical components that allow distributing the electricity generated in the conventional and renewable power plants to distribution systems so it can be received by final consumers (businesses and homes). In practice, power system management requires solving different design, operation, and control problems. Bearing in mind that computers are used to solve these complex optimization problems, this book includes some recent contributions to this field that cover a large variety of problems. More specifically, the book includes contributions about topics such as controllers for the frequency response of microgrids, post-contingency overflow analysis, line overloads after line and generation contingences, power quality disturbances, earthing system touch voltages, security-constrained optimal power flow, voltage regulation planning, intermittent generation in power systems, location of partial discharge source in gas-insulated switchgear, electric vehicle charging stations, optimal power flow with photovoltaic generation, hydroelectric plant location selection, cold-thermal-electric integrated energy systems, high-efficiency resonant devices for microwave power generation, security-constrained unit commitment, and economic dispatch problems

Insights from the Inventory of Smart Grid Projects in Europe: 2012 Update

By the end of 2010 the Joint Research Centre, the European Commission’s in-house science service, launched the first comprehensive inventory of smart grid projects in Europe1. The final catalogue was published in July 2011 and included 219 smart grid and smart metering projects from the EU-28 member states, Switzerland and Norway. The participation of the project coordinators and the reception of the report by the smart grid community were extremely positive. Due to its success, the European Commission decided that the project inventory would be carried out on a regular basis so as to constantly update the picture of smart grid developments in Europe and keep track of lessons learnt and of challenges and opportunities. For this, a new on-line questionnaire was launched in March 2012 and information on projects collected up to September 2012. At the same time an extensive search of project information on the internet and through cooperation links with other European research organizations was conducted. The resulting final database is the most up to date and comprehensive inventory of smart grids and smart metering projects in Europe, including a total of 281 smart grid projects and 90 smart metering pilot projects and rollouts from the same 30 countries that were included in the 2011 inventory database. Projects surveyed were classified into three categories: R&D, demonstration or pre-deployment) and deployment, and for the first time a distinction between smart grid and smart metering projects was made. The following is an insight into the 2012 report.JRC.F.3-Energy securit

Coordination in Power Systems for Efficient Grid Utilization

This thesis focuses on the efficient use of power grid capacity and efficient investment into grid infrastructure on different voltage levels. More specifically, it analyzes different coordination mechanisms and incentives to achieve more efficient short-term operation and long-term investment behavior