Artistic landscape of the former State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia defined by the Gothic crucifixes

The aim of this article is to show a broad artistic panorama of Gothic sculpture of the Teutonic Order State in Prussia. It takes into consideration a few characteristic iconographical types like shrine Madonna and the Beautiful Madonna. But it points out that the numerously preserved woodcarved crucifixes shape the picture of three-dimensional figurative arts of the said state in the eyes of academics and audience. A synthetic review of written sources and scientific approaches was presented, as well as a methodology. Various academic views on one crucifix were shown. Artistic influences and exchange as part of the art of Baltic coast, Central and Western Europe were emphasized. Unpublished, archival photographs were presented and analysed. They show six crucifixes, up to now not known from illustrations.The aim of this article is to show a broad artistic panorama of Gothic sculpture of the Teutonic Order State in Prussia. It takes into consideration a few characteristic iconographical types like shrine Madonna and the Beautiful Madonna. But it points out that the numerously preserved woodcarved crucifixes shape the picture of three-dimensional figurative arts of the said state in the eyes of academics and audience. A synthetic review of written sources and scientific approaches was presented, as well as a methodology. Various academic views on one crucifix were shown. Artistic influences and exchange as part of the art of Baltic coast, Central and Western Europe were emphasized. Unpublished, archival photographs were presented and analysed. They show six crucifixes, up to now not known from illustrations

PERSPEKTYWY OCHRONY ŚWIATOWEGO DZIEDZICTWA W POLSCE – CZYLI TENTATIVE LIST I PROPOZYCJE MOŻLIWYCH DO ZGŁOSZENIA KANDYDATUR NA LISTĘ ŚWIATOWEGO DZIEDZICTWA

The article discusses Polish suggestions of new inscriptions into the UNESCO World Heritage List. The waiting items mentioned in the Tentative List were presented. Currently the Polish version of the List numbers 5 items. They are: Gdańsk, Town of Memory and Freedom (2005), The Augustów Canal (2006), The Dunajec River Gorge in the Pieniny Mountains (2006), Extension to the Joint World Heritage Property “Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians (Slovak Republic and Ukraine) and the Ancient Beech Forests of Germany (Germany)” (2015), “Krzemionki”, prehistoric flint mines (2016). Other offered suggestions were also presented: The Jewish Cemetery in Łodz, the Ponds in Milicz – medieval fishponds in central Europe, Nowa Huta, the paper mill – Duszniki Zdrój, the Elbląg Canal, Nikiszowiec as a factory-related housing complex, the cultural landscape of Żuławy area, wooden mosques in the Podlasie Region – Bohoniki and Kruszyniany, the Valley of Palaces and Gardens – the Jeleniogórska Valley, Żyrardów, Warsaw Water Filters and Księży Młyn in Łodz as industrial heritage, the Citadel in Warsaw, and the Słowiński National Park as natural heritage. Among new suggestions the following were indicated: the collegiate church in Pułtusk as an example of Renaissance solutions of linear perspective applied in architecture, the project of a Gothic vault in the church in Szydłowiec as a unique example of the Gothic construction workmanship, and modern wooden churches (e.g. the church in Boguszyce).The article discusses Polish suggestions of new inscriptions into the UNESCO World Heritage List. The waiting items mentioned in the Tentative List were presented. Currently the Polish version of the List numbers 5 items. They are: Gdańsk, Town of Memory and Freedom (2005), The Augustów Canal (2006), The Dunajec River Gorge in the Pieniny Mountains (2006), Extension to the Joint World Heritage Property “Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians (Slovak Republic and Ukraine) and the Ancient Beech Forests of Germany (Germany)” (2015), “Krzemionki”, prehistoric flint mines (2016). Other offered suggestions were also presented: The Jewish Cemetery in Łodz, the Ponds in Milicz – medieval fishponds in central Europe, Nowa Huta, the paper mill – Duszniki Zdrój, the Elbląg Canal, Nikiszowiec as a factory-related housing complex, the cultural landscape of Żuławy area, wooden mosques in the Podlasie Region – Bohoniki and Kruszyniany, the Valley of Palaces and Gardens – the Jeleniogórska Valley, Żyrardów, Warsaw Water Filters and Księży Młyn in Łodz as industrial heritage, the Citadel in Warsaw, and the Słowiński National Park as natural heritage. Among new suggestions the following were indicated: the collegiate church in Pułtusk as an example of Renaissance solutions of linear perspective applied in architecture, the project of a Gothic vault in the church in Szydłowiec as a unique example of the Gothic construction workmanship, and modern wooden churches (e.g. the church in Boguszyce)

Image of a Hanseatic city in the latest Polish architectural solutions

The problem of the reconstruction of centres of Polish towns and cities after the destructions of the World War II evoke discussions even today. Over the first years after the war, in numerous cases the centres of historical cities and towns were lost; in the place of former market squares and networks of streets with tenements crowned with endwall trims, randomly dispersed concrete blocks of flats were erected, in order to satisfy urgent housing demands. The situation changed after 1980, when in Elbląg, Gdańsk, Szczecin, Kołobrzeg, a rule was adopted according to which the peripheral development of city quarters was to be recreated, restoring tenements located in historical plots of land, but contemporary in style, maintaining the silhouettes and sizes from years before. It is also possible to observe other activities in the solutions of the latest public utility buildings, which - often by using a sophisticated intellectual play - restore the climate and character of cities remembered and known from the past centuries. In the west and north of Europe there are many towns and cities, predominantly ports, which used to be members of Hansa. The organisation of Hansa, the origins of which reach back to the Middle Ages, associated a number of cities which could decide about the provision of goods to cities within a specific territory, and secure markets for products manufactured in them. Thanks to that, cities that belonged to Hansa were developing more rapidly and effectively, and the beginnings of their development within the territory of Germany and in the Baltic states date back to the 13th and 14th centuries. The peak period of the development of Hanseatic cities, where merchants were engaged in free trade with people from European countries, fell in the 14th and 15th centuries, but already in the 17th century there was a complete decline of Hansa, resulting from the occurrence of competition in the form of associations of Dutch and English cities, as well as the Scandinavian ones. From amongst Polish towns and cities, members of Hansa were e.g. Szczecin, Gdańsk, Kołobrzeg, Elbląg, as well as Cracow. In 1980 an association of partner cities of North Europe, dubbed a New Hansa, was established, the objective of which is to attract attention to the common development of tourism and trade. Nowadays, this New Hansa associates over a hundred cities, similarly to what once was in the medieval Hansa. Numerous Polish cities faced the problem of reconstruction after the destruction of the World War II. The effects varied. By adopting the programme of satisfying predominantly housing demands in the 1960s and 1970s, historical old towns in dozens of cities from amongst nearly 2 hundred destroyed by warfare of the World War II in the north and west of Poland were lost forever. Today we can still encounter ruins of Gothic churches in Głogów or Gubin, where in the place of a market square and tenements of townsmen, randomly located rows of typical four- or five-storey blocks of flats have been erected

Kształcenie przez całeżycie jako szansa na redukcję problemów społecznych.

Інформаційне суспільство будується на знаннях і на них базує свою економіку. Знання означає пасиву участь у дійсності. Знання необхідно розбудовувати у активному аспекті: навчатися, щоб успішно діяти як індивідуально, так і суспільно. Зростає актуальність аксіологічного аспекту: навчатися, щоб мати здатність до активного творення своєї долі і допомоги іншим. У часи суворої реальності економічних криз така здібність є необхідною для розв’язання суспільних проблем. (Społeczeństwo informacyjne to społeczeństwo budowane na wiedzy i na niej opierające swoją gospodarkę Wiedzieć, to biernie uczestniczyć w rzeczywistości. Trzeba wiedzę rozbudować o aspekt czynny: uczyć się, aby działać skutecznie – indywidualnie i społecznie. Rośnie aktualność aspektu aksjologicznego: uczyć się, to czynić się zdolnym do aktywnego kształtowania swojego losu i pomagania innym. W trudnej rzeczywistości kryzysów gospodarczych taka zdolność jest konieczna dla rozwiązywania problemów społecznych.

Protection of the Polish written and printed heritage – National Library Resource

Written and printed works are one of the most important cultural achievements of every country and nation. This often priceless heritage is protected, among other things, by libraries which are responsible for collecting, preparing, storing, protecting and sharing their collections. The article focuses on one form of protection of these resources – the Polish National Library Resource (NLR), which has a legal basis and gives examples of good practice. The analysis presented in this paper covers the normative Acts that cover only those collections which are unique and exceptionally valuable for Polish culture. It was found that perception of these special collections has changed and that nowadays there are only a small number of libraries that take part in the NLR programme

Formy współpracy samorządu z organizacjami pozarządowymi na przykładzie miasta Elbląg

Forms of co-operation between local government and Non-governmental organizations in the case of ElblągSelf-government offices play a very important part in the life of local community. They integrate the inhabitants and fulfil their need of belonging to a certain group as well as the need to integrate (integration function), counteract isolation, are conductive to building social bonds (affiliation function), and make interest development and self-fulfilment possible. They also have considerable contribution in improving the quality of life of local community and even the nation (expressive function).The Act on work for public benefit and voluntary service imposed the duty to create the yearly programme of co-operation with non-governmental organisations on local governments, which  should ultimately be the basis to start the processes stimulating the development of not only these organisations but should also translate to fuller supplying various needs of  the inhabitants.The aim of the article is to analyse and assess the forms of co-operation between the local government in Elbląg and self-government offices heading to improve the quality of life of local community, particularly taking into consideration the assessment of non-governmental organisations participation in executing own tasks and initiatives undertaken to strengthen the actions of existing organisations, creating new ones and improving voluntary service. The aim is also to diagnose the partners’ of this co-operation expectations as well as showing the directions of its development.

Formy współpracy samorządu z organizacjami pozarządowymi na przykładzie miasta Elbląg

Forms of co-operation between local government and Non-governmental organizations in the case of ElblągSelf-government offices play a very important part in the life of local community. They integrate the inhabitants and fulfil their need of belonging to a certain group as well as the need to integrate (integration function), counteract isolation, are conductive to building social bonds (affiliation function), and make interest development and self-fulfilment possible. They also have considerable contribution in improving the quality of life of local community and even the nation (expressive function).The Act on work for public benefit and voluntary service imposed the duty to create the yearly programme of co-operation with non-governmental organisations on local governments, which  should ultimately be the basis to start the processes stimulating the development of not only these organisations but should also translate to fuller supplying various needs of  the inhabitants.The aim of the article is to analyse and assess the forms of co-operation between the local government in Elbląg and self-government offices heading to improve the quality of life of local community, particularly taking into consideration the assessment of non-governmental organisations participation in executing own tasks and initiatives undertaken to strengthen the actions of existing organisations, creating new ones and improving voluntary service. The aim is also to diagnose the partners’ of this co-operation expectations as well as showing the directions of its development.

Rola mediów społecznościowych w kształtowaniu kultury czytelniczej nastolatków

The aim of the article is an attempt to show what role social media can play in shaping the reading culture of contemporary teenagers. This problem will be discussed on the example of selected social networks which may be a significant tool in the literacy and cultural education of students. Research conducted both in our country and in the world, as well as my observations made as a Polish language teacher indicate the growing popularity of online social networks in the lives of young people. This is the basis for formulating some – I think  interesting – reflections and educational conclusions. These include, among other things, the justification for the use of the potential of the media in the process of developing the reading skills of contemporary teenagers.Celem artykułu jest ukazanie roli mediów społecznościowych w kształtowaniu kultury czytelniczej współczesnych nastolatków. Problem ten został omówiony na przykładzie wybranych portali społecznościowych, które – co autorka uzasadniła i poparła przykładami – mogą być znaczącym narzędziem w edukacji kulturowo-literackiej uczniów. Badania prowadzone zarówno w naszym kraju, jak i na świecie, a także obserwacje autorki poczynione z pozycji szkolnego polonisty wskazują na rosnącą popularność internetowych mediów w życiu przede wszystkim młodych ludzi. Stanowiło to podstawę do sformułowania kilku refleksji i wniosków edukacyjnych. Dotyczą one między innymi zasadności wykorzystania potencjału mediów w procesie kształcenia kompetencji lekturowych współczesnych nastolatków

Praktyki pozametropolitarne: uczestnictwo w kulturze w małym i średnim mieście

W artykule zweryfikowano i pogłębiono tezy na temat uczestnictwa w kulturze w ma-łych i średnich miastach postawione w trakcie ogólnopolskich, eksploracyjnych analiz etno graficznych. Źródłem danych służących weryfikacji są wyniki badań przeprowadzo-nych w sześciu miejscowościach (Dobrzyniu, Obrzycku, Rawiczu, Ostródzie, Grudziądzu i Elblągu) w 2017 roku. Teoretyczną podstawę badań i analiz stanowi „postrozszerzenio-wa” koncepcja kultury – nowa propozycja konceptualizacji uczestnictwa w kulturze. W ba-daniu potwierdzono tezy mówiące o niewielkim zainteresowaniu większości mieszkańców uczestnictwem w kulturze instytucjonalnej, wyspowym charakterze aktywności elit, „rela-cjogennej” funkcji uczestnictwa w kulturze, wciąż istotnej roli telewizji i niskich wskaź-nikach czytelnictwa. Ponadto ustalono, że nowe, cyfrowe formy dostępu nie odmieniły jeszcze praktyk kulturalnych na obszarach pozametropolitalnych. Wynikiem prac badaw-czych jest też jedna z pierwszych segmentacji osób uczestniczących w kulturze w małych i średnich miastac

Rozwój regionalny wobec starzenia siȩ społeczeństwa

Złożoność skutków starzenia się społeczeństw stanowi istotne wyzwanie na poziomie regionalnym i lokalnym. Działania adaptacyjne wymagają współpracy samorządów terytorialnych, podmiotów gospodarczych i organizacji pozarządowych. Opracowanie przybliża: wymiary interwencji, typologię "regionów kurczących się" oraz dwie inicjatywy: regionów dla ludzi w każdym wieku (Regions for All Ages) i sieci srebrnej gospodarki regionów europejskich (SEN@ER - Silver Economy Network of European Regions). Wskazano także na dylematy tworzenia specjalnych strategii regionalnych i czynniki sprzyjające ich realizacji oraz bariery budowy srebrnych gospodarek. Dodatkowo, przedstawiono wnioski z analizy wybranych strategii rozwoju regionalnego w Polsce. Podsumowanie określa możliwe kierunki dalszych badań