Soft Realization: a Bio-inspired Implementation Paradigm

Researchers traditionally solve the computational problems through rigorous and deterministic algorithms called as Hard Computing. These precise algorithms have widely been realized using digital technology as an inherently reliable and accurate implementation platform, either in hardware or software forms. This rigid form of implementation which we refer as Hard Realization relies on strict algorithmic accuracy constraints dictated to digital design engineers. Hard realization admits paying as much as necessary implementation costs to preserve computation precision and determinism throughout all the design and implementation steps. Despite its prior accomplishments, this conventional paradigm has encountered serious challenges with today's emerging applications and implementation technologies. Unlike traditional hard computing, the emerging soft and bio-inspired algorithms do not rely on fully precise and deterministic computation. Moreover, the incoming nanotechnologies face increasing reliability issues that prevent them from being efficiently exploited in hard realization of applications. This article examines Soft Realization, a novel bio-inspired approach to design and implementation of an important category of applications noticing the internal brain structure. The proposed paradigm mitigates major weaknesses of hard realization by (1) alleviating incompatibilities with today's soft and bio-inspired algorithms such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy systems, and human sense signal processing applications, and (2) resolving the destructive inconsistency with unreliable nanotechnologies. Our experimental results on a set of well-known soft applications implemented using the proposed soft realization paradigm in both reliable and unreliable technologies indicate that significant energy, delay, and area savings can be obtained compared to the conventional implementation.Comment: The Imprecise (Approximate) computing and Relaxed Fault Tolerance concept are some but not all instances of the Soft Realization. The soft realization and imprecise computing are first introduced around 2005 as H.R. Mahdiani Phd Thesis proposal. The first imprecise computing paper is published in 2010. This manuscript is written in 2012, submitted to Nature in 2017 and rejected by the editor