90,000 research outputs found
Green Cellular Networks: A Survey, Some Research Issues and Challenges
Energy efficiency in cellular networks is a growing concern for cellular
operators to not only maintain profitability, but also to reduce the overall
environment effects. This emerging trend of achieving energy efficiency in
cellular networks is motivating the standardization authorities and network
operators to continuously explore future technologies in order to bring
improvements in the entire network infrastructure. In this article, we present
a brief survey of methods to improve the power efficiency of cellular networks,
explore some research issues and challenges and suggest some techniques to
enable an energy efficient or "green" cellular network. Since base stations
consume a maximum portion of the total energy used in a cellular system, we
will first provide a comprehensive survey on techniques to obtain energy
savings in base stations. Next, we discuss how heterogeneous network deployment
based on micro, pico and femto-cells can be used to achieve this goal. Since
cognitive radio and cooperative relaying are undisputed future technologies in
this regard, we propose a research vision to make these technologies more
energy efficient. Lastly, we explore some broader perspectives in realizing a
"green" cellular network technologyComment: 16 pages, 5 figures, 2 table
A Survey of Green Networking Research
Reduction of unnecessary energy consumption is becoming a major concern in
wired networking, because of the potential economical benefits and of its
expected environmental impact. These issues, usually referred to as "green
networking", relate to embedding energy-awareness in the design, in the devices
and in the protocols of networks. In this work, we first formulate a more
precise definition of the "green" attribute. We furthermore identify a few
paradigms that are the key enablers of energy-aware networking research. We
then overview the current state of the art and provide a taxonomy of the
relevant work, with a special focus on wired networking. At a high level, we
identify four branches of green networking research that stem from different
observations on the root causes of energy waste, namely (i) Adaptive Link Rate,
(ii) Interface proxying, (iii) Energy-aware infrastructures and (iv)
Energy-aware applications. In this work, we do not only explore specific
proposals pertaining to each of the above branches, but also offer a
perspective for research.Comment: Index Terms: Green Networking; Wired Networks; Adaptive Link Rate;
Interface Proxying; Energy-aware Infrastructures; Energy-aware Applications.
18 pages, 6 figures, 2 table
Power Management Techniques for Data Centers: A Survey
With growing use of internet and exponential growth in amount of data to be
stored and processed (known as 'big data'), the size of data centers has
greatly increased. This, however, has resulted in significant increase in the
power consumption of the data centers. For this reason, managing power
consumption of data centers has become essential. In this paper, we highlight
the need of achieving energy efficiency in data centers and survey several
recent architectural techniques designed for power management of data centers.
We also present a classification of these techniques based on their
characteristics. This paper aims to provide insights into the techniques for
improving energy efficiency of data centers and encourage the designers to
invent novel solutions for managing the large power dissipation of data
centers.Comment: Keywords: Data Centers, Power Management, Low-power Design, Energy
Efficiency, Green Computing, DVFS, Server Consolidatio
Energy savings using an adaptive base station-to-relay station switching paradigm
Applying a Base Station (BS) sleep approach during low traffic periods has recently been advocated as a strategy for reducing energy consumption in cellular networks. The complete switching off of certain BS however, can lead to coverage holes and severe performance degradation in terms of off-cell user throughput, greater transmit power dissipation in both the up and downlinks, and more complex interference management. This paper presents a novel cellular network energy saving model in which certain BS rather being turned off are switched to Relay Station (RS) mode during low traffic periods. The switched RS and other shared RS deployed at the cross border of each cell are responsible for upholding the same quality of service (QoS) provision as when all BS are active. A centralised adaptive switching threshold algorithm is also introduced to undertake the switching decision, instead of using a fixed threshold. Simulation results confirm the new BS-RS Switching model using an adaptive threshold can reduce network energy consumption by more than half, as well as improving off-cell users’ throughput
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