3 research outputs found
A perturbative gadget for delaying the onset of barren plateaus in variational quantum algorithms
Variational quantum algorithms are being explored as a promising approach to
finding useful applications for noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers.
However, cost functions corresponding to many problems of interest are
inherently global, defined by Hamiltonians with many-body interactions.
Consequently, the optimization landscape can exhibit exponentially vanishing
gradients, so-called barren plateaus, rendering optimal solutions difficult to
find. Strategies for mitigating barren plateaus are therefore needed to make
variational quantum algorithms trainable and capable of running on larger-scale
quantum computers. In this work, we contribute the toolbox of perturbative
gadgets to the portfolio of methods being explored in the quest for making
noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices useful. We introduce a novel
perturbative gadget, tailored to variational quantum algorithms, that can be
used to delay the onset of barren plateaus. Our perturbative gadget encodes an
arbitrary many-body Hamiltonian corresponding to a global cost function into
the low-energy subspace of a three-body Hamiltonian. Our construction requires
additional qubits for a -body Hamiltonian comprising terms. We
provide guarantees on the closeness of global minima and prove that the local
cost function defined by our three-body Hamiltonian exhibits non-vanishing
gradients. We then provide numerical demonstrations to show the functioning of
our approach and discuss heuristics that might aid its practical
implementation.Comment: Added further discussion of the number of required measurement
Perturbation Gadgets: Arbitrary Energy Scales from a Single Strong Interaction
In this work we propose a many-body Hamiltonian construction which introduces
only a single separate energy scale of order , for a
small parameter , and for terms in the target Hamiltonian. In its
low-energy subspace, the construction can approximate any normalized target
Hamiltonian with norm ratios
to within relative precision . This comes at the expense
of increasing the locality by at most one, and adding an at most poly-sized
ancilliary system for each coupling; interactions on the ancilliary system are
geometrically local, and can be translationally-invariant.
As an application, we discuss implications for QMA-hardness of the local
Hamiltonian problem, and argue that "almost" translational invariance-defined
as arbitrarily small relative variations of the strength of the local terms-is
as good as non-translational-invariance in many of the constructions used
throughout Hamiltonian complexity theory. We furthermore show that the choice
of geared limit of many-body systems, where e.g. width and height of a lattice
are taken to infinity in a specific relation, can have different
complexity-theoretic implications: even for translationally-invariant models,
changing the geared limit can vary the hardness of finding the ground state
energy with respect to a given promise gap from computationally trivial, to
QMAEXP-, or even BQEXPSPACE-complete