Final report on the evaluation of RRM/CRRM algorithms

Deliverable public del projecte EVERESTThis deliverable provides a definition and a complete evaluation of the RRM/CRRM algorithms selected in D11 and D15, and evolved and refined on an iterative process. The evaluation will be carried out by means of simulations using the simulators provided at D07, and D14.Preprin

JTIT

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Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: Growth and Survey for Three Layers

A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a mobile ad hoc network that allows wireless communication between vehicles, as well as between vehicles and roadside equipment. Communication between vehicles promotes safety and reliability, and can be a source of entertainment. We investigated the historical development, characteristics, and application fields of VANET and briefly introduced them in this study. Advantages and disadvantages were discussed based on our analysis and comparison of various classes of MAC and routing protocols applied to VANET. Ideas and breakthrough directions for inter-vehicle communication designs were proposed based on the characteristics of VANET. This article also illustrates physical, MAC, and network layer in details which represent the three layers of VANET. The main works of the active research institute on VANET were introduced to help researchers track related advanced research achievements on the subject

Adaptive scheduling in cellular access, wireless mesh and IP networks

Networking scenarios in the future will be complex and will include fixed networks and hybrid Fourth Generation (4G) networks, consisting of both infrastructure-based and infrastructureless, wireless parts. In such scenarios, adaptive provisioning and management of network resources becomes of critical importance. Adaptive mechanisms are desirable since they enable a self-configurable network that is able to adjust itself to varying traffic and channel conditions. The operation of adaptive mechanisms is heavily based on measurements. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how measurement based, adaptive packet scheduling algorithms can be utilized in different networking environments. The first part of this thesis is a proposal for a new delay-based scheduling algorithm, known as Delay-Bounded Hybrid Proportional Delay (DBHPD), for delay adaptive provisioning in DiffServ-based fixed IP networks. This DBHPD algorithm is thoroughly evaluated by ns2-simulations and measurements in a FreeBSD prototype router network. It is shown that DBHPD results in considerably more controllable differentiation than basic static bandwidth sharing algorithms. The prototype router measurements also prove that a DBHPD algorithm can be easily implemented in practice, causing less processing overheads than a well known CBQ algorithm. The second part of this thesis discusses specific scheduling requirements set by hybrid 4G networking scenarios. Firstly, methods for joint scheduling and transmit beamforming in 3.9G or 4G networks are described and quantitatively analyzed using statistical methods. The analysis reveals that the combined gain of channel-adaptive scheduling and transmit beamforming is substantial and that an On-off strategy can achieve the performance of an ideal Max SNR strategy if the feedback threshold is optimized. Finally, a novel cross-layer energy-adaptive scheduling and queue management framework EAED (Energy Aware Early Detection), for preserving delay bounds and minimizing energy consumption in WLAN mesh networks, is proposed and evaluated with simulations. The simulations show that our scheme can save considerable amounts of transmission energy without violating application level QoS requirements when traffic load and distances are reasonable

The strategies associated with the migration of networks to 4G

The networks need to provide higher speeds than those offered today. For it, considering that in the spectrum radio technologies is the scarcest resource in the development of these technologies and the new developments is essential to maximize the performance of bits per hertz transmitted. Long Term Evolution optimize spectral efficiency modulations with new air interface, and more advanced algorithms radius. These capabilities is the fact that LTE is an IPbased technology that enables end-to-end offer high transmission rates per user and very low latency, ie delay in the response times of the network around only 10 milliseconds, so you can offer any realtime application. LTE is the latest standard in mobile network technology and 3GPP ensure competitiveness in the future, may be considered a technology bridge between 3G networks - current 3.5G and future 4G networks, which are expected to reach speeds of up to 1G . LTE operators provide a simplified architecture but both robust, supporting services on IP technology. The objectives to be achieved through its implementation are ambitious, first users have a wide range of added services like capabilities that currently enjoys with residential broadband access at competitive prices, while the operator will have a network fully IP-based environment, reducing the complexity and cost of the same, which will give operators the opportunity to migrate to LTE directly. A major advantage of LTE is its ability to fuse with existing networks, ensuring interconnection with the same, increasing his current coverage and allowing a data connection established by a user in the environment continue when fade the coverage LTE. Moreover, the operator has the advantage of deploying network gradually, starting initially at areas of high demand for broadband services and expand progressively in line with this. RESUMEN. Las redes necesitan proporcionar velocidades mayores a las ofertadas a día de hoy. Para ello, teniendo en cuenta que en tecnologías radio el espectro es el recurso más escaso, en la evolución de estas tecnologías y en los nuevos desarrollos es esencial maximizar el rendimiento de bits por hercio transmitido. Long Term Evolution optimiza la eficiencia espectral con nuevas modulaciones en la interfaz aire, así como los algoritmos radio más avanzado. A estas capacidades se suma el hecho de que LTE es una tecnología basada en IP de extremo a extremo que permite ofrecer altas velocidades de transmisión por usuario y latencias muy bajas, es decir, retardos en los tiempos de respuesta de la red en torno a sólo 10 milisegundos, por lo que permite ofrecer cualquier tipo de aplicación en tiempo real. LTE es el último estándar en tecnología de redes móviles y asegurará la competitividad de 3GPP en el futuro, pudiendo ser considerada una tecnología puente entre las redes 3G – 3.5G actuales y las futuras redes 4G, de las que se esperan alcanzar velocidades de hasta 1G. LTE proporcionará a las operadoras una arquitectura simplificada pero robusta a la vez, soportando servicios sobre tecnología IP. Los objetivos que se persiguen con su implantación son ambiciosos, por una parte los usuarios dispondrá de una amplia oferta de servicios añadidos con capacidades similares a las que disfruta actualmente con accesos a banda ancha residencial y a precios competitivos, mientras que el operador dispondrá de una red basada en entorno totalmente IP, reduciendo la complejidad y el costo de la misma, lo que dará a las operadoras la oportunidad de migrar a LTE directamente. Una gran ventaja de LTE es su capacidad para fusionarse con las redes existentes, asegurando la interconexión con las mismas, aumentando su actual cobertura y permitiendo que una conexión de datos establecida por un usuario en el entorno LTE continúe cuando la cobertura LTE se desvanezca. Por otra parte el operador tiene la ventaja de desplegar la red LTE de forma gradual, comenzando inicialmente por las áreas de gran demanda de servicios de banda ancha y ampliarla progresivamente en función de ésta

Efficient cloud-based cellular planning algorithms for 3G and 4G networks

In mobile network deployments of growing size, the optimum and fast planning of radio resources are a key task. Cloud services enable efficient and scalable implementation of procedures and algorithms. In this dissertation, a cloud-based planning system for 3G and 4G networks is presented, using Amazon Web Services (AWS) for cloud implementation. It extracts configuration and performance data from the network, enabling to accurately estimate cells coverage, identify neighbouring cells and optimally plan Scrambling Codes (SC) in an UMTS network and Physical Cell Identity (PCI) in LTE networks. This system is integrated in a Software-as-a-Service monitoring and planning tool Metric, owned by Multivision, allowing for an easy and efficient allocation of the network resources. The system operation is demonstrated in a small canonical scenario for SCs, a small realistic scenario of PCIs cluster planning, taking less than 0,6 seconds to perform the planning. For a realistic 3G scenario with 12 484 unplanned cells, the planning of SCs is efficiently achieved, taking less than 8 seconds, and guaranteeing no collisions between first order neighbouring cells.Nas implementações de redes móveis grande escala, o planeamento otimizado e rápido dos recursos de rádio é uma tarefa fundamental. Os serviços em cloud permitem a implementação eficiente e escalável de padrões e algoritmos. Nesta dissertação, é apresentado um sistema de planeamento baseado em cloud para redes 3G e 4G, fazendo recurso à Amazon Web Services (AWS) para implementação em cloud. Este sistema extrai dados de configuração e desempenho da rede, o que permite estimar com precisão a cobertura das células, identificar células vizinhas e planear de forma eficiente os Scrambling Codes (SC) em redes UMTS e Physical Cell Identity (PCI) em redes LTE. Este sistema está integrado no Metric, uma ferramenta de planeamento e monitorização de Software-as-a-Service, propriedade da Multivision, permitindo uma alocação fácil e eficiente dos recursos da rede. A operação do sistema é demonstrada num pequeno cenário canónico para SCs, um pequeno cenário realista de um cluster de células pertencentes a uma rede LTE, onde se pretende planear os seus PCIs. O algoritmo executa um planeamento ótimo deste cluster em menos de 0,6 segundos. Para um cenário 3G realista com 12 484 células não planeadas, a alocação dos SCs é realizada com eficiência, levando menos de 8 segundos e garantindo que não existem colisões entre as células vizinhas de primeira ordem

Avaliação de desempenho do funcionamento de serviços VoIP sobre redes 3GPP

Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e de TelecomunicaçõesA gestão de conteúdos orientados ao utilizador tem-se vindo a revelar uma questão de extrema importância para os operadores, que embora não sejam os produtores e distribuidores da informação acedida, são no entanto parte interessada pois em última análise é a sua insignia que deve assegurar o acesso. Os modelos de negócio desenvolvidos actualmente antevêm a distribuição destes conteúdos assegurando o cumprimento dos parâmetros de QoS. Com a evolução da distribuição de serviços sobre as redes IP, seguindo a tendência da perspectiva “All-over-IP”, os ISPs necessitam cada vez mais de ter conhecimento acerca da forma como estes serviços e os seus utilizadores influenciam a utilização dos recursos da rede. A monitorização de desempenho requer estratégias eficientes e optimizadas com múltiplas implicações ao nível da segurança/privacidade. Cada serviço possui características específicas que o podem tornar mais ou menos resistente a determinadas condições da rede. O objectivo deste trabalho é relacionar a informação relativa à sessão de um determinado tipo de serviço baseado em IP, com as condições de desempenho na entrega do serviço por parte da rede. O desafio é analisar diferentes tipos de informação, por um lado a informação de sessão foca-se nos eventos gerados durante o seu ciclo de vida, enquanto a informação de Performance Management (PM) da rede focase primordialmente no comportamento e capacidade da rede em suportar a entrega do serviço, a um grande número de assinantes, relevando portanto a utilização das métricas de QoS. A proposta deste trabalho é definir uma série de ferramentas como relatórios e indicadores de desempenho, em que baseado na informação cross-layer, se possa descrever uniformemente o desempenho do serviço.The management of user oriented contents is becoming of extreme relevance for network operators, which while not being the producers of the consumed data, are the ultimate insignia for the assured delivery. The business models being currently applied envision the assured delivery of multimedia services with the assurance of Quality of Service. By evolving towards the delivery of services over IP networks undergoing the “all-over-IP” perspective, the Internet Service Providers (ISP) needs to be aware of how the behavior of these services and users influences the network resources usage. Performance monitoring requires efficient and optimized strategies with multiple implications at the security/privacy levels. Each service has specific characteristics which may make it more or less resilient to some network performance issues. The scope of this work is to relate session information with the underlying network service delivery performance. The challenge is to analyze different kind of information, session information focus is event driven tracing the entire lifecycle of each event and network Performance Management (PM) information focusing on the behavior and ability of the network to support service delivery to a large number of subscribers, thus focusing on overall QoS metrics. The proposal is to define use cases that can be implemented to ease this analysis while defining general Key Performance Indicators (KPI) based on cross-layer information, to uniformly describe the service performance

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2012, nr 3

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