492 research outputs found

    Radial Dynamics of Pickering-stabilised Endoskeletal Antibubbles and Their Components in Pulsed Ultrasound

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    Liquids containing microscopic antibubbles may have theranostic applications in harmonic diagnostic ultrasonic imaging and in ultrasound-assisted drug delivery. Presently there are no known agents available with the acoustic properties required for use in both of these applications. The Pickering-stabilised antibubble may possess the de- sired acoustic properties to be such a theranostic agent. An antibubble is a gas bubble containing at least one incompressible core. An antibubble is inherently unstable and thus needs to be stabilised to exist for longer than a moment. One such stabilising method, involving the adsorption of nanoparticles to gas–liquid interfaces, is called Pickering stabilisation. A Pickering-stabilised antibubble responds to an incident sound field by means of radial pulsation and other, more complicated, dynamics. Despite the potential application of microscopic antibubbles in theranostics, their dynamic behaviour and the acoustic regimes in which this behaviour occurs are not known. The purpose of this research was to predict the dynamic response of Pickering- stabilised antibubbles to pulsed ultrasound, and to identify and quantify the contribution of each of the Pickering-stabilised antibubble components to that behaviour. Radial excursions of antibubbles and their components during ultrasound exposure were extracted from high-speed footage. The applied ultrasound had a centre frequency of 1 MHz and pressure amplitudes between 0.20 MPa and 1.30 MPa. Moreover, damping coefficients, pulsation phases, and excursions of antibubbles and antibubble components were computed with equations describing a forced mass–spring–dashpot system and an adapted Rayleigh-Plesset equation. Over a range of driving pressure amplitudes, fragmentation thresholds were computed for antibubbles of varying size, core volume, shell stiffness, and driving frequency. In addition, the feasibility of an antibubble component for the disruption of cell walls was tested. From the experimental data, it was found that antibubble contractions and expansions were symmetrical and predictable at an acoustic amplitude of 0.20 MPa, whilst the pulsations were asymmetrical and less predictable at an acoustic amplitude of 1.00 MPa. These results show that the presence of the core inside of the antibubble hampers the contraction of a collapsing antibubble and ameliorates its stability. Consequently, Pickering-stabilised antibubbles appear to be feasible candidates for ultrasonic imaging, with greater stability than the agents currently in use. Micron-sized antibubbles, much smaller than resonant size, were computed to have a pulsation phase difference of up to 16 th of a cycle with respect to free gas bubbles. The difference in oscillation phase is a result of the increased damping coefficient caused by the friction of the internal components and shell of the antibubble. This indicates that altering the damping of the shell or skeletal material of minute antibubbles can alter the degree to which the particle’s oscillation is in phase with the sound field. The shell stiffness of Pickering-stabilised microbubbles without incompressible contents was measured to be 7.6 N m−1 throughout low-amplitude sonication. Un- der high-amplitude sonication, the maximum expansions of microbubbles, measured from high-speed camera footage, were either agreeing with those computed for Pickering-stabilised microbubbles or corresponding to greater values. The differing oscillation amplitudes for similarly sized microbubbles is attributed to shell disruption of different severity. For a 3-μm radius antibubble with a 90% core radius, subjected to a pulse of centre frequency 1 MHz, the fragmentation threshold was computed to drastically increase with shell stiffness. At a driving frequency of 13 MHz, the fragmentation threshold was computed to correspond to a mechanical index less than 0.4, irrespective of shell stiffness. Shell stiffness changes the resonance frequency, and thus the fragmentation threshold of antibubbles. This means that the resonance frequency of an extremely low concentration and quantity of homogeneous agent can be determined using microscopy. At driving frequencies above 1 MHz, the fragmentation threshold was computed to correspond to a mechanical index of less than 0.5, irrespective of shell stiffness. Antibubbles exposed to high-amplitude ultrasound were found to have an exponential fragment size distribution. This brings us closer to understanding and controlling disruption and material release for these particles. If the pressure of the regime is known, the number of antibubble fragments produced can be theoretically determined. Under low-amplitude ultrasound exposure, hydrophobic particles, a common component of antibubbles, were observed to jet through wood fibre cell walls, without causing visible internal structural damage to these cells. Hydrophobic particles can thus act as inertial cavitation nuclei which collapse asymmetrically close to solid boundaries such as wood pulp fibres. This indicates that hydrophobic particles on their own may be used for applications such as trans-dermal drug delivery. The dynamic response of Pickering-stabilised antibubbles to ultrasound has been predicted. Furthermore the respective behaviour of Pickering-stabilised antibubble components under theranostic ultrasound conditions has been identified. This work has led to a straightforward way to determine the elasto-mechano properties of small samples of contrast agent. Whilst possessing some theranostic properties, Pickering-stabilised antibubbles may be more suitable as replacements for current diagnostic agents. Hydrophobic particles, a current constituent of the Pickering-stabilised antibubble, may however, prove to be promising theranostic agents

    2022 GREAT Day Program

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    SUNY Geneseo’s Sixteenth Annual GREAT Day.https://knightscholar.geneseo.edu/program-2007/1016/thumbnail.jp

    Cosmology with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

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    The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) has two scientific objectives of cosmological focus: to probe the expansion rate of the universe, and to understand stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and their implications for early universe and particle physics, from the MeV to the Planck scale. However, the range of potential cosmological applications of gravitational-wave observations extends well beyond these two objectives. This publication presents a summary of the state of the art in LISA cosmology, theory and methods, and identifies new opportunities to use gravitational-wave observations by LISA to probe the universe

    Robustness, scalability and interpretability of equivariant neural networks across different low-dimensional geometries

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    In this thesis we develop neural networks that exploit the symmetries of four different low-dimensional geometries, namely 1D grids, 2D grids, 3D continuous spaces and graphs, through the consideration of translational, rotational, cylindrical and permutation symmetries. We apply these models to applications across a range of scientific disciplines demonstrating the predictive ability, robustness, scalability, and interpretability. We develop a neural network that exploits the translational symmetries on 1D grids to predict age and species of mosquitoes from high-dimensional mid-infrared spectra. We show that the model can learn to predict mosquito age and species with a higher accuracy than models that do not utilise any inductive bias. We also demonstrate that the model is sensitive to regions within the input spectra that are in agreement with regions identified by a domain expert. We present a transfer learning approach to overcome the challenge of working with small, real-world, wild collected data sets and demonstrate the benefit of the approach on a real-world application. We demonstrate the benefit of rotation equivariant neural networks on the task of segmenting deforestation regions from satellite images through exploiting the rotational symmetry present on 2D grids. We develop a novel physics-informed architecture, exploiting the cylindrical symmetries of the group SO+ (2, 1), which can invert the transmission effects of multi-mode optical fibres (MMFs). We develop a new connection between a physics understanding of MMFs and group equivariant neural networks. We show that this novel architecture requires fewer training samples to learn, better generalises to out-of-distribution data sets, scales to higher-resolution images, is more interpretable, and reduces the parameter count of the model. We demonstrate the capability of the model on real-world data and provide an adaption to the model to handle real-world deviations from theory. We also show that the model can scale to higher resolution images than was previously possible. We develop a novel architecture which provides a symmetry-preserving mapping between two different low-dimensional geometries and demonstrate its practical benefit for the application of 3D hand mesh generation from 2D images. This models exploits both the 2D rotational symmetries present in a 2D image and in a 3D hand mesh, and provides a mapping between the two data domains. We demonstrate that the model performs competitively on a range of benchmark data sets and justify the choice of inductive bias in the model. We develop an architecture which is equivariant to a novel choice of automorphism group through the use of a sub-graph selection policy. We demonstrate the benefit of the architecture, theoretically through proving the improved expressivity and improved scalability, and experimentally on a range of widely studied benchmark graph classification tasks. We present a method of comparison between models that had not been previously considered in this area of research, demonstrating recent SOTA methods are statistically indistinguishable

    Brain Computations and Connectivity [2nd edition]

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    This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read on the Oxford Academic platform and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Brain Computations and Connectivity is about how the brain works. In order to understand this, it is essential to know what is computed by different brain systems; and how the computations are performed. The aim of this book is to elucidate what is computed in different brain systems; and to describe current biologically plausible computational approaches and models of how each of these brain systems computes. Understanding the brain in this way has enormous potential for understanding ourselves better in health and in disease. Potential applications of this understanding are to the treatment of the brain in disease; and to artificial intelligence which will benefit from knowledge of how the brain performs many of its extraordinarily impressive functions. This book is pioneering in taking this approach to brain function: to consider what is computed by many of our brain systems; and how it is computed, and updates by much new evidence including the connectivity of the human brain the earlier book: Rolls (2021) Brain Computations: What and How, Oxford University Press. Brain Computations and Connectivity will be of interest to all scientists interested in brain function and how the brain works, whether they are from neuroscience, or from medical sciences including neurology and psychiatry, or from the area of computational science including machine learning and artificial intelligence, or from areas such as theoretical physics

    The Affective Evaluation of Immersive Soundscapes Including Physiological Measures

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    This thesis is focussed on evaluating affective and physiological responses to soundscape stimuli, building towards understanding the importance of ecological validity on ex-situ soundscape evaluation. The primary focus of soundscape research is the subjective evaluation of environmental sound, furthering our understanding of our relationship with our acoustic environment. Although relationships between cognitive and physical measures of soundscape quality have been explored in the literature, there is a lack of research that has focussed on the relationship between physiological and subjective responses. Two of the experiments presented in this thesis focus on developing a methodology for identifying if changes in physiological behaviour can be used to identify changes in the subjective experience of soundscapes. Results of the first experiment indicate that using more accurate heart rate measurement methods may be necessary to identify the effects of soundscape stimuli on modulation of the autonomic nervous system. The results of a second experiment provide evidence that heart rate variability does not vary in a systematic manner with changes in the subjective experience of soundscape stimuli. It is hypothesized that a lack of presence and immersion in the experimental environment contribute to these results. The results of a third experiment show that control over listener orientation does not influence the subjective experience of soundscape stimuli. Finally, a set of software tools are described which facilitate the design of soundscape evaluation experiments that utilise virtual reality, offering a greater sense of presence and immersion than those provided in a typical listening test. Future work will test this toolset and attempt to validate its use for the ex-situ evaluation of soundscapes

    Phase formation, hydration behavior, and pressure response of sulfide and thiophosphate solid electrolytes

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    Rechargeable lithium ion batteries (LIB) have become an essential part of our daily lives in recent decades, powering mobile phones, laptops, cordless power tools, and even automobiles. While LIB technology currently dominates the battery market for these mobile applications, its physicochemical power and energy density limit will be reached soon. The use of a solid electrolyte instead of a liquid electrolyte in LIBs promises higher energy density, safer operation, and faster charging. Although the benefits of an all-solid-state battery (ASSB) are enormous, certain prerequisites for solid electrolyte application must be met in order for ASSBs to be technologically and commercially competitive. Ionic conductivity is arguably the most important performance indicator of a solid electrolyte. This thesis introduces the concept of LIBs and ASSBs, as well as fundamentals of battery performance and ion conduction in solids, an overview of material classes with a focus on sulfide- and thiophosphate-based solid electrolytes. Furthermore, the techniques used to characterize the solid electrolytes presented in this thesis are introduced. This work presents several design strategies for improving the ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes based on sulfides and thiophosphates. Bottom-up and top-down post-synthetic modification approaches, thermally and chemically induced phase transitions, and microstructure modifications cover a wide range of length scales

    Cosmology with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

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    Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, los autores pertenecientes a la UAM y el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si lo hubiereThe Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) has two scientific objectives of cosmological focus: to probe the expansion rate of the universe, and to understand stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and their implications for early universe and particle physics, from the MeV to the Planck scale. However, the range of potential cosmological applications of gravitational-wave observations extends well beyond these two objectives. This publication presents a summary of the state of the art in LISA cosmology, theory and methods, and identifies new opportunities to use gravitational-wave observations by LISA to probe the universeThis work is partly supported by: A.G. Leventis Foundation; Academy of Finland Grants 328958 and 345070; Alexander S. Onassis Foundation, Scholarship ID: FZO 059-1/2018-2019; Amaldi Research Center funded by the MIUR program “Dipartimento di Eccellenza” (CUP: B81I18001170001); ASI Grants No. 2016-24-H.0 and No. 2016-24-H.1-2018; Atracción de Talento Grant 2019-T1/TIC-15784; Atracción de Talento contract no. 2019-T1/TIC-13177 granted by the Comunidad de Madrid; Ayuda ‘Beatriz Galindo Senior’ by the Spanish ‘Ministerio de Universidades’, Grant BG20/00228; Basque Government Grant (IT-979-16); Belgian Francqui Foundation; Centre national d’Etudes spatiales; Ben Gurion University Kreitman Fellowship, and the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities (IASH) & Council for Higher Education (CHE) Excellence Fellowship Program for International Postdoctoral Researchers; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Program SEV-2016-0597; CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya; Cluster of Excellence “Precision Physics, Fundamental Interactions, and Structure of Matter” (PRISMA? EXC 2118/1); Comunidad de Madrid, Contrato de Atracción de Talento 2017-T1/TIC-5520; Czech Science Foundation GAČR, Grant No. 21-16583M; Delta ITP consortium; Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-SC0008541, DE-SC0009919 and DESC0019195; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Project ID 438947057; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Germany’s Excellence Strategy - EXC 2121 Quantum Universe - 390833306; European Structural and Investment Funds and the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Project CoGraDS - CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15 003/0000437); European Union’s H2020 ERC Consolidator Grant “GRavity from Astrophysical to Microscopic Scales” (Grant No. GRAMS-815673); European Union’s H2020 ERC, Starting Grant Agreement No. DarkGRA-757480; European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement 860881 (ITN HIDDeN); European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme Grant No. 796961, “AxiBAU” (K.S.); European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research Council grant 724659 MassiveCosmo ERC-2016-COG; FCT through national funds (PTDC/FIS-PAR/31938/2017) and through project “BEYLA – BEYond LAmbda” with Ref. Number PTDC/FIS-AST/0054/2021; FEDER-Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional through COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI-01-0145- FEDER-031938) and research Grants UIDB/04434/2020 and UIDP/04434/2020; Fondation CFM pour la Recherche in France; Foundation for Education and European Culture in Greece; French ANR project MMUniverse (ANR-19-CE31-0020); FRIA Grant No.1.E.070.19F of the Belgian Fund for Research, F.R. S.-FNRS Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through Contract No. DL 57/2016/CP1364/ CT0001; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through Grants UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/ 2020, PTDC/FIS-OUT/29048/2017, CERN/FIS-PAR/0037/2019 and “CosmoTests – Cosmological tests of gravity theories beyond General Relativity” CEECIND/00017/2018; Generalitat Valenciana Grant PROMETEO/2021/083; Grant No. 758792, project GEODESI; Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development and Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Colleges and Universities; Grants-in-Aid for JSPS Overseas Research Fellow (No. 201960698); I?D Grant PID2020-118159GB-C41 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; INFN iniziativa specifica TEONGRAV; Israel Science Foundation (Grant No. 2562/20); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant Nos. 20H01899 and 20H05853; IFT Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Grant SEV-2; Kavli Foundation and its founder Fred Kavli; Minerva Foundation; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion Grant PID2020-113644GB-I00; NASA Grant 80NSSC19K0318; NASA Hubble Fellowship grants No. HST-HF2-51452.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute with NASA contract NAS5-26555; Netherlands Organisation for Science and Research (NWO) Grant Number 680-91-119; new faculty seed start-up grant of the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, the Core Research Grant CRG/2018/002200 of the Science and Engineering; NSF Grants PHY-1820675, PHY-2006645 and PHY-2011997; Polish National Science Center Grant 2018/31/D/ ST2/02048; Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange within the Polish Returns Programme under Agreement PPN/PPO/2020/1/00013/U/00001; Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) under Grant No. 28359; Ramón y Cajal Fellowship contract RYC-2017-23493; Research Project PGC2018-094773-B-C32 [MINECO-FEDER]; Research Project PGC2018-094773-B-C32 [MINECO-FEDER]; ROMFORSK Grant Project. No. 302640; Royal Society Grant URF/R1/180009 and ERC StG 949572: SHADE; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation (SRNSF) of Georgia (Grant FR/18-1462); Simons Foundation/SFARI 560536; SNSF Ambizione grant; SNSF professorship Grant (No. 170547); Spanish MINECO’s “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa” Programme Grants SEV-2016- 0597 and PID2019-110058GB-C22; Spanish Ministry MCIU/AEI/FEDER Grant (PGC2018-094626-BC21); Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-115845GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033); Spanish Proyectos de I?D via Grant PGC2018-096646-A-I00; STFC Consolidated Grant ST/T000732/1; STFC Consolidated Grants ST/P000762/1 and ST/T000791/1; STFC Grant ST/ S000550/1; STFC Grant ST/T000813/1; STFC Grants ST/P000762/1 and ST/T000791/1; STFC under the research Grant ST/P000258/1; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), project The Non-Gaussian Universe and Cosmological Symmetries, Project Number: 200020-178787; Swiss National Science Foundation Professorship Grants No. 170547 and No. 191957; SwissMap National Center for Competence in Research; “The Dark Universe: A Synergic Multi-messenger Approach” Number 2017X7X85K under the MIUR program PRIN 2017; UK Space Agency; UKSA Flagship Project, Eucli

    Napodobení a výroba vzhledu pomocí diferencovatelných materiálových modelů

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    Výpočetní deriváty kódu - s kódem - jsou jedním z klíčových aktivátorů revoluce strojového učení. V počítačové grafice umožňuje automatická diferenciace řešit problémy s inverzním renderingem, kde se z jednoho nebo několika vstupních snímků získávají parametry jako je odrazovost objektu, poloha nebo koeficienty rozptylu a absorpce ob- jemu. V této práci zvažujeme problémy s přizpůsobením vzhledu a s výrobou, které lze uvést jako příklady problémů s inverzním renderingem. Zatímco optimalizace založená na gradientu, kterou umožňují diferencovatelné programy, má potenciál přinést velmi dobré výsledky, vyžaduje správné využití. Diferenciovatelný rendering není řešením problémů typu brokovnice. Diskutujeme jak teoretické koncepty, tak praktickou implementaci dife- rencovatelných renderingových algoritmů a ukazujeme, jak se spojují s různými problémy s přizpůsobením vzhledu. 1Computing derivatives of code - with code - is one of the key enablers of the machine learning revolution. In computer graphics, automatic differentiation allows to solve in- verse rendering problems. There, parameters such as an objects reflectance, position, or the scattering- and absorption coefficients of a volume, are recovered from one or several input images. In this work, we consider appearance matching and fabrication problems, that can be cast as instances of inverse rendering problems. While gradient-based opti- mization that is enabled by differentiable programs has the potential to yield very good results, it requires proper handling - differentiable rendering is not a shotgun-type prob- lem solver. We discuss both theoretical concepts and the practical implementation of differentiable rendering algorithms, and show how they connect to different appearance matching problems. 1Katedra softwaru a výuky informatikyDepartment of Software and Computer Science EducationMatematicko-fyzikální fakultaFaculty of Mathematics and Physic

    Cosmology with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

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    This work is partly supported by: A.G. Leventis Foundation; Academy of Finland Grants 328958 and 345070; Alexander S. Onassis Foundation, Scholarship ID: FZO 059-1/2018-2019; Amaldi Research Center funded by the MIUR program “Dipartimento di Eccellenza” (CUP: B81I18001170001); ASI Grants No. 2016-24-H.0 and No. 2016-24-H.1-2018; Atracción de Talento Grant 2019-T1/TIC-15784; Atracción de Talento contract no. 2019-T1/TIC-13177 granted by the Comunidad de Madrid; Ayuda ‘Beatriz Galindo Senior’ by the Spanish ‘Ministerio de Universidades’, Grant BG20/00228; Basque Government Grant (IT-979-16); Belgian Francqui Foundation; Centre national d’Etudes spatiales; Ben Gurion University Kreitman Fellowship, and the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities (IASH) & Council for Higher Education (CHE) Excellence Fellowship Program for International Postdoctoral Researchers; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Program SEV-2016-0597; CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya; Cluster of Excellence “Precision Physics, Fundamental Interactions, and Structure of Matter” (PRISMA+ EXC 2118/1); Comunidad de Madrid, Contrato de Atracción de Talento 2017-T1/TIC-5520; Czech Science Foundation GAČR, Grant No. 21-16583M; Delta ITP consortium; Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-SC0008541, DE-SC0009919 and DE-SC0019195; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Project ID 438947057; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Germany’s Excellence Strategy - EXC 2121 Quantum Universe - 390833306; European Structural and Investment Funds and the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Project CoGraDS - CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15 003/0000437); European Union’s H2020 ERC Consolidator Grant “GRavity from Astrophysical to Microscopic Scales” (Grant No. GRAMS-815673); European Union’s H2020 ERC, Starting Grant Agreement No. DarkGRA-757480; European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement 860881 (ITN HIDDeN); European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme Grant No. 796961, “AxiBAU” (K.S.); European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research Council grant 724659 MassiveCosmo ERC-2016-COG; FCT through national funds (PTDC/FIS-PAR/31938/2017) and through project “BEYLA – BEYond LAmbda” with Ref. Number PTDC/FIS-AST/0054/2021; FEDER-Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional through COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031938) and research Grants UIDB/04434/2020 and UIDP/04434/2020; Fondation CFM pour la Recherche in France; Foundation for Education and European Culture in Greece; French ANR project MMUniverse (ANR-19-CE31-0020); FRIA Grant No.1.E.070.19F of the Belgian Fund for Research, F.R.S.-FNRS Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through Contract No. DL 57/2016/CP1364/CT0001; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through Grants UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, PTDC/FIS-OUT/29048/2017, CERN/FIS-PAR/0037/2019 and “CosmoTests – Cosmological tests of gravity theories beyond General Relativity” CEECIND/00017/2018; Generalitat Valenciana Grant PROMETEO/2021/083; Grant No. 758792, project GEODESI; Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development and Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Colleges and Universities; Grants-in-Aid for JSPS Overseas Research Fellow (No. 201960698); I+D Grant PID2020-118159GB-C41 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; INFN iniziativa specifica TEONGRAV; Israel Science Foundation (Grant No. 2562/20); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant Nos. 20H01899 and 20H05853; IFT Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Grant SEV-2; Kavli Foundation and its founder Fred Kavli; Minerva Foundation; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion Grant PID2020-113644GB-I00; NASA Grant 80NSSC19K0318; NASA Hubble Fellowship grants No. HST-HF2-51452.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute with NASA contract NAS5-26555; Netherlands Organisation for Science and Research (NWO) Grant Number 680-91-119; new faculty seed start-up grant of the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, the Core Research Grant CRG/2018/002200 of the Science and Engineering; NSF Grants PHY-1820675, PHY-2006645 and PHY-2011997; Polish National Science Center Grant 2018/31/D/ST2/02048; Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange within the Polish Returns Programme under Agreement PPN/PPO/2020/1/00013/U/00001; Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) under Grant No. 28359; Ramón y Cajal Fellowship contract RYC-2017-23493; Research Project PGC2018-094773-B-C32 [MINECO-FEDER]; Research Project PGC2018-094773-B-C32 [MINECO-FEDER]; ROMFORSK Grant Project. No. 302640; Royal Society Grant URF/R1/180009 and ERC StG 949572: SHADE; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation (SRNSF) of Georgia (Grant FR/18-1462); Simons Foundation/SFARI 560536; SNSF Ambizione grant; SNSF professorship Grant (No. 170547); Spanish MINECO’s “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa” Programme Grants SEV-2016-0597 and PID2019-110058GB-C22; Spanish Ministry MCIU/AEI/FEDER Grant (PGC2018-094626-B-C21); Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-115845GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033); Spanish Proyectos de I+D via Grant PGC2018-096646-A-I00; STFC Consolidated Grant ST/T000732/1; STFC Consolidated Grants ST/P000762/1 and ST/T000791/1; STFC Grant ST/S000550/1; STFC Grant ST/T000813/1; STFC Grants ST/P000762/1 and ST/T000791/1; STFC under the research Grant ST/P000258/1; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), project The Non-Gaussian Universe and Cosmological Symmetries, Project Number: 200020-178787; Swiss National Science Foundation Professorship Grants No. 170547 and No. 191957; SwissMap National Center for Competence in Research; “The Dark Universe: A Synergic Multi-messenger Approach” Number 2017X7X85K under the MIUR program PRIN 2017; UK Space Agency; UKSA Flagship Project, Euclid.The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) has two scientific objectives of cosmological focus: to probe the expansion rate of the universe, and to understand stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and their implications for early universe and particle physics, from the MeV to the Planck scale. However, the range of potential cosmological applications of gravitational-wave observations extends well beyond these two objectives. This publication presents a summary of the state of the art in LISA cosmology, theory and methods, and identifies new opportunities to use gravitational-wave observations by LISA to probe the universe.Atracción de Talento 2019-T1/TIC-13177Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Program EXC 2118/1, SEV-2016-0597Contrato de Atracción de Talento 2017-T1/TIC-5520European Union’s H2020 ERC GRAMS-815673European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research Council 724659 MassiveCosmo ERC-2016-COGEuropean Union’s Horizon 2020 programme 860881, ITN HIDDeNIFT Centro de Excelencia Severo OchoaSpanish Ministry MCIU PGC2018-094626-B-C21, PGC2018-096646-A-I00, PID2020-115845GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033Horizon 2020 Framework Programme 796961 H2020Comunidad de MadridEusko Jaurlaritza IT-979-16Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad 302640 MINECOGeneralitat Valenciana 758792, PROMETEO/2021/083 GVAMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación PID2020-113644GB-I00 MICINNMinisterio de Universidades BG20/00228 MIUEuropean Union’s H2020 ERC, DarkGRA-75748
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