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Efficient route discovery for reactive routing
This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.Information on the location of mobile nodes in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) has
the potential to significantly improve network performance. This thesis uses node location information to develop new techniques for route discovery in on-demand routing protocols such as the Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), thus making an important contribution to enhancing the experience of using mobile networks.
A Candidate Neighbours to Rebroadcast the Route Request (CNRR) approach has been
proposed to reduce the deleterious impact, known as the broadcast storm, of RREQ packets
flooding in traditional on-demand routing protocols. The main concept behind CNRR is
specifying a set of neighbours which will rebroadcast the received RREQ. This is a departure from the traditional approach of all receiving nodes rebroadcasting RREQs and has the effect of reducing the problem of redundancy from which mobile networks suffer. The proposed protocol has been developed in two phases: Closest-CNRR and Furthest-CNRR. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithms have a significant effect as they reduce the routing overhead of the AODV protocol by up to 28% compared to the C-CNRR, and by up to 17.5% compared to the F-CNRR. Notably, the proposed algorithms simultaneously achieve better throughput and less data dropping.
The Link Stability and Energy Aware protocol (LSEA) has been developed to reduce the
overhead while increasing network lifetimes. The LSEA helps to control the global
dissemination of RREQs in the network by eliminating those nodes that have a residual
energy level below a specific threshold value from participation in end-to-end routes. The proposed LSEA protocol significantly increases network lifetimes by up to 19% compared with other on-demand routing protocols while still managing to obtain the same packet delivery ratio and network throughput levels. Furthermore, merging the LSEA and CNRR concepts has the great advantage of reducing the dissemination of RREQs in the network without loss of reachability among the nodes.
This increases network lifetimes, reduces the overhead and increases the amount of data
sent and received. Accordingly, a Position-based Selective Neighbour (PSN) approach has
been proposed which combines the advantages of zoning and link stability. The results
show that the proposed technique has notable advantages over both the AODV and MAAODV
as it improves delivery ratios by 24.6% and 18.8%, respectively.Funded by National Council for Training -
Sudan and the Sudan Academy of Science