Effect of solution pH and initial solute concentration of organic compound on the adsorption by Pentace triptera.

The project is to examine the effect of solution pH and initial concentration on the adsorption of organic compound by Pentace triptera. In this project Pentace triptera is used as adsorbent to remove benzene and toluene in wastewater. Adsorption concept is applied in this project. Fix size of grinding Pentace tripera used as adsorbent and various of concentration and pH of benzene and toluene are prepared. Samples shake with adsorbent using rotary shaker. After adsorption, samples are tested by using UVvis spectrophotometer. Result show that the concentration of benzene and toluene after adsorption higher than before adsorption. First hypothesis was desorption of benzene and toluene occurs by Pentace triptera. Project continues by using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer. Qualitative result show benzene and toluene concentration at different pH sample are zero. Separation of component sample has been show on chromatogram. Samples contain many components after adsorption based on peak appearance on chromatogram. Most of the samples we're found to contain carbamic acid. Hypothesis from GCMS result were the carcinogenic compound shown by benzene and toluene. Different between GCMS and UV-vis explaining the qualitative measurement by Uv-vis may contribute to error in measurement of benzene and toluene concentration. Benzene and toluene were adsorbed by pentace triptera and at the same time benzene and toluene extract and digest Pentace Triptera leaves. Leaves normally contain chlorophyll and many other organic compounds such as amine group. Carbamic acid is the component that identifies to be mostly extracted from Pentace triptera leaves where toluene gives more formation of carbamic acid in sample

Effect of solution pH and initial solute concentration of organic compound on the adsorption by Pentace triptera.

The project is to examine the effect of solution pH and initial concentration on the adsorption of organic compound by Pentace triptera. In this project Pentace triptera is used as adsorbent to remove benzene and toluene in wastewater. Adsorption concept is applied in this project. Fix size of grinding Pentace tripera used as adsorbent and various of concentration and pH of benzene and toluene are prepared. Samples shake with adsorbent using rotary shaker. After adsorption, samples are tested by using UVvis spectrophotometer. Result show that the concentration of benzene and toluene after adsorption higher than before adsorption. First hypothesis was desorption of benzene and toluene occurs by Pentace triptera. Project continues by using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer. Qualitative result show benzene and toluene concentration at different pH sample are zero. Separation of component sample has been show on chromatogram. Samples contain many components after adsorption based on peak appearance on chromatogram. Most of the samples we're found to contain carbamic acid. Hypothesis from GCMS result were the carcinogenic compound shown by benzene and toluene. Different between GCMS and UV-vis explaining the qualitative measurement by Uv-vis may contribute to error in measurement of benzene and toluene concentration. Benzene and toluene were adsorbed by pentace triptera and at the same time benzene and toluene extract and digest Pentace Triptera leaves. Leaves normally contain chlorophyll and many other organic compounds such as amine group. Carbamic acid is the component that identifies to be mostly extracted from Pentace triptera leaves where toluene gives more formation of carbamic acid in sample

“Efecto de 4 meidos de cultivo y 3 dosis de thidiazuron en la induccion de embriogénesis somática en mauritia flexuosa, en iquitos-Perú

In this research, the subject was the establishment of one culture media for the induction of somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryos of immature fruits of aguaje (Maturitia flexuosa L.). Two treatments of disinfection were tested, the first one with no previous fungicida aplication to the seeds, and the second one with a previous fungicida aplication, the additional disinfection was done with a 0,5% Sodium hypochlorite solution + 5 mUL of Tween for a 10 minutes period, and was later rinsed with sterile di.stillated water. In order to estbablish the culture media for the induction of somatic embryogenesis, 4 culture media were tested, added with 50 mg/L of 2,4-D y 4 levels of TDZ (O; 0,001; 0,003 y 0,005 mg/l). Wlth this observation, the effect of different concentrations of dychlorophenoxyacetic acid and thidiazuron over the used explants was studied, additionally, the forrnation of the different stages of somatic embñogénesis was evaluated. the process of friable and embryogenic callus forrnation were studied. The contamination percentage decreased significally with the application of Vitavax (0,5 mg/l) 24 hours prior to the seed, and the aplied disinfection treatment was a 0,5 % sodium hypochlorite solution plus 5 ml/l of Tween for a 10 minutes period. The most appropiate mineral concentration for the induction of somatic embryos is the Murahige & Skoog culture media, at total concentration + 50 mg/L of 2,4-D + O mg/L of TDZ. In the treatments T1, T2, T5 and T9, it was observed the presence of embryogenic callus with pro-embyo globural structures within 25 days of incubation.En esta investigación se estudió el establecimiento de un medio de cultivo para la inducción de la embriogénesis somática a partir de embriones zigóticos de frutos inmaduros de aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.). Se ensayaron dos tratamientos de desinfección, el primero sin tratamiento previo de fungicida aplicado a las semillas, y el segundo con tratamiento previo de fungicida, la desinfección adicional se hizo con Hipoclorito de sodio al 0.5% + 5ml/L de Tween por 10 minutos y se enjuagó con agua destilada estéril. Para el establecimiento del medio de cultivo para la inducción de la embñogénesis somática se probaron 4 medios de cultivo, adicionados con 50 mgll de 2,4-0 y con 4 niveles de TDZ (O; 0,001;0,003 y 0,005 mg/L). Mediante observación, se estudió la influencia de las diferentes concentraciones de ácido diclorofenoxiacético y de thidiazurom sobre los explantes utilizados; adicionalmente, se evaluó la formación de las diferentes etapas de la embñogénesis somática. Se estudió el proceso de formación del callo friable y embriogénico. El porcentaje de contaminación disminuyó significativamente con la aplicación de Vrtavax (0.5mg/L) 24 horas antes de la siembra, y el tratamiento de desinfección aplicado fue de una solución de Hipoclorito de Sodio al 0.5% más 5 ml/L de Tween por 10 minutos. La composición mineral mas apropiada para la inducción de embriones somáticos de aguaje corresponde al medio de cultivo Murashige &Skoog a concentración total + 50mgn de 2,40 + O mg/l de TDZ. En los tratamientos T1, T2, T5 y T9, se observó la aparición de callos embriogénicos con estructuras globulares pro embrionarias a los 25 días de incubación.Tesi

Untersuchung zur Resorption von Poly (D,L)lactid-poly Glycolid copolymer durch parodontopathogene Bakterien -In-vitro-Untersuchung-

Polylactidemembranen werden in der Parodontalchirurgie zur Regeneration entzündlich verlorengegangener Parodonts eingesetzt. Ziel der Arbeit war es, in vitro zu untersuchen, inwieweit Esterase-aktive Keime, die im Zusammenhang mit Parodontitis gefunden werden, in der Lage sind, Einfluss auf die Degradation und damit Standfestigkeit der Membranen zu nehmen. Es wurde die Degradation von selbstgefertigten Folien aus 50:50 (D, L) lactid-glycolid unter anaeroben Bedingungen mit und ohne Bakterienbelastung verglichen und visuell, palpatorisch, durch Wiegung und mit dem REM mikromorphologisch ausgewertet. Bei visueller und palpatorischer Betrachtung waren während des fünf Wochen dauernden Versuchs Unterschiede in der mechanischen Handhabbarkeit der Folien im Vergleich der Fälle ohne und mit Bakterienbelastung auffällig. Der prozentuale Gewichtsabbau, der durch Wiegung ermittelt wurde, ließ aber keine statistisch relevanten Unterschiede weder zwischen den Fällen mit Bakterien noch im Vergleich zur Kontrolle ohne Bakterien erkennen, woraus auf einen nur marginalen Einfluss der ausgewählten Bakterien auf die Degradation geschlossen werden muss. Die Gewichtsabnahme verharrte mit und ohne Bakterien während der ersten 20 Tage im einstelligen Prozentbereich, stieg dann aber steil an und erreichte nach 35 Tagen Werte um 85%. Die Betrachtung der Folienoberfläche mit dem REM wiederum zeigte sehr markante und auch zwischen den Bakterien unterschiedliche Veränderungen schon nach den ersten 7 Tagen, die sich aber am Versuchsende nach 35 Tagen nicht mehr so auffällig von der Kontrolle ohne Bakterien unterschieden. Dies wird so gedeutet, dass die selbst hergestellten Folien über ihren transversalen Querschnitt nicht homogen waren, so dass sie innerlich hydrolytisch zerfielen, während die Bakterien in erster Linie die hautartige Oberfläche angriffen. An den Vicryl®-Membranen konnte nur ein kleiner Teil dieser Auswertungen durchgeführt werden. Es zeigten sich keine Widersprüche in den Ergebnissen. Die Bedeutung des Versuchsergebnisses liegt darin, dass eine katalytisch beschleunigte Degradation von Polylactidemembranen durch Bakterienesterasen ausgeschlossen werden konnte. Ein Bakterienbefall kann gleichwohl die mechanischen Eigenschaften und damit die Standfestigkeit einer Membran verändern. Dies ist in Übereinstimmung mit Ergebnissen von In-vivo-Langzeitstudien, die gezeigt haben, dass der chirurgische Eingriff nur in Verbindung mit regelmäßigen Nachuntersuchungen und gewissenhafter Zahnpflege zu einem dauerhaften Heilerfolg führt

Novel insights into the infection mechanism of oomycete Pythium spp. in the host Arabidopsis thaliana

Phytopathogenic Pythium spp. cause seedling damping-off of a wide range of plant species worldwide and are traditionally considered necrotrophs. In this study, novel pathogenicity was discovered involving the oomycete Pythium cryptoirregulare and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This pathogen was isolated from A. thaliana seedlings that were showing damping-off symptoms and was later identified as Pythium cryptoirregulare based on morphological and molecular characterization alongside reference species P. irregulare and P. ultimum var. ultimum. To examine its infection strategy, A. thaliana was inoculated with P. cryptoirregulare and studied using a microscopy approach. Viable colonized cells were observed based on neutral red uptake and the ability to undergo cell plasmolysis after infection. This biotrophic interaction contradicts the previously reported necrotrophic lifestyle of Pythium spp., which is characterized by killing the host cells prior to colonization. In addition, inhibition of root growth was detected prior to colonization by P. cryptoirregulare, suggesting that P. cryptoirregulare secreted growth inhibitors. Potentially, these inhibiting metabolites facilitate infection by delaying plant development and, thereby, extending the seedling stage that is targeted by this pathogen. Notably, P. cryptoirregulare culture filtrates disturbed transport and distribution of auxins, indicated by altered GFP expression in the A. thaliana lines PIN1-GFP, PIN2-GFP, PIN3-GFP, PIN7-GFP and DR5::GFP which visualize the auxin efflux. This disturbance was further confirmed by a reduced inhibitory effect on the auxin-insensitive A. thaliana mutants axr1-3, axr4-2, and aux1-7. Metabolic activity assay results suggested that P. cryptoirregulare secretes auxin-related metabolites that are involved in reprogramming plant growth. Overall, the characterization of P. cryptoirregulare as a novel pathogen on A. thaliana gives new insights into understanding the pathogenic mechanisms and interactions between oomycetes and plants