7,278 research outputs found
Sustainable low liquor ratio dyeing of wool with acid dyes: Effect of auxiliaries on agglomeration of dye molecules in a dyebath and dyeing uniformity
The use of a low-liquor ratio (1:10 or less) in the dyeing of wool has several economic and environmental benefits, such as lower energy usage and smaller quantity of auxiliaries are required compared to the traditional dyeing method. However, the reduction in liquor ratio increases the occurrence of agglomeration of dyes causing uneven dyeing. The aim of this study is to develop a low-liquor dyeing method for wool with acid dyes that could potentially be applied to larger scale industrial practices. In this work, the feasibility of application of several chemical auxiliaries to prevent the agglomeration of dyes in dyebaths and also for improving the dyeing uniformity in the low liquor ratio dyeing of wool fabric with three acid dyes, has been investigated. Optical microscopy was used to evaluate the performance of various auxiliaries to prevent the agglomeration of dyes in a dyebath. The dyeing uniformity was assessed by measuring the colour difference in various parts of the same dyed fabric by a hand-held reflectance spectrophotometer. It was found that Teric G12A6 showed the best results in terms of prevention from the agglomeration of dyes and the dyeing uniformity produced for all three acid dyes investigated. The low liquor ratio dyeing of wool fabrics with acid dyes using Teric G12A6 as a dye agglomeration preventer is equally efficient as the traditional high liquor ratio dyeing in terms of colour strength and uniformity in dyeing. The developed method could reduce dyeing cost and environmental footprint compared to the traditional dyeing of wool
Colors For Wool Yarn
Colors for Wool Yarn is a manual used by the Du Pont Company to mix dyes for wool yarn. This book contains comprehensive information regarding the range of du Pont dyes suitable for application on wool in all stages of manufacture. Dyeings of both acid and chrome colors are shown on wool yarn. In addition, general dyeing instructions have been incorporated as well as a tabulation embracing most of the working and fastness properties. The following pages also contain specific information on the dyeing properties of the individual colors --Introduction, page 3.https://digitalcommons.winthrop.edu/rarebooks/1159/thumbnail.jp
The Dyeing Procedures Evaluation of Wool Fibers with Prangos ferulacea
In this study, the dyeing procedure of wool fibers with Prangos ferulacea was evaluated and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Using this method, the quantitive relationship between dye concentration of Prangos ferulacea, mordant concentration, dyeing temperature, and dyeing time on the dyeing procedure was investigated. The effect of these variables as well as plasma pretreatment was examined on the color strength of dyed samples. Finally, the fastness characteristic of dye sampled at proposed optimized condition was reported. The obtained results indicate that the presence of mordant improved the fastness properties and dyes uptake of wool fibers
Investigation into the dyeing of wool with Lanasol and Remazol reactive dyes in seawater
Freshwater is an increasingly scarce resource that is extensively used in textile wetâprocessing. In seeking to identify alternative low freshwaterâusage coloration technology, this study examined the potential use of seawater (SEAW) as the dyeing medium for wool coloration using a range of reactive dyes. Initially, the dyeing behaviour of the wool fabric in simulated seawater (SSW) was compared with conventional dyeing from distilled water (DW) using αâbromoacrylamideâbased Lanasol dyes and sulphatoethyl sulphoneâbased Remazol dyes. These preliminary studies demonstrated that comparable coloration could be achieved in the SSW medium based on an assessment of the dye exhaustion, dye fixation, colour yield and levelness. Subsequent dyeing studies of wool using Mauritian seawater with both the Lanasol and Remazol reactive dyes confirmed that, based on the dye exhaustion, dye fixation, colour yield and levelness, comparable coloration could be achieved, highlighting the possibility of substituting freshwater with seawater as the dyeing medium
The comparison of spectra and dyeing properties of new azonaphthalimide with analogues azobenzene dyes on natural and synthetic polymers
AbstractThe aim of the present research was to prepare new acid dyes based on naphthalimides. In this respect a series of monoazo acid dyes have been obtained using 4-amino-N-methyl (alternatively N-butyl)-1,8-naphthalimide, aniline and p-nitroaniline as diazo components. 2-Naphthol-6-sulfonic acid (Schaefferâs acid) and 1-naphthol-8-amino-3,6-disulfonic acid (H-acid) were used as coupling components. The spectrophotometric properties of the synthesized dyes were investigated in various solvents and compared with analogues azobenzene dyes. It is found, when acid dyes are applied in various solvents and different pH, additional bathochromically shifted bands of different intensity appear in the electronic spectra. This effect is caused by the occurrence of the equilibrium of azo and hydrazone forms in the dyes. The synthesized acid dyes were applied on wool fabrics in order to consider their dyeing properties, fastnesses and the obtainable color gamut. The synthesized dyes represented that they have the ability of dyeing wool and polyamide fabrics and give red to violet hues with good wash, medium light, and good milling and perspiration fastnesses
Reaction of carboxylic dyes with wool and polyamide. Part III: Effect of the activating agent
Dyes containing a carboxylic acid group had been shown to react with wool and polyamide fibres when activated with ethyl chloroformate (Parts I and II). One of the dyes, 3-aminobenzoic acid âN,N-dimethylaniline, was, in this work, activated with other chlorofirmates, so as to improve the dyeing conditions. Benzyl chloroformate was found to be a good substitute since it is not as volatile as ethyl chloroformate, which suggests that it will be easier to apply in practical dyeing conditions. The yield of the reaction with cyclohexylamine is similar to the one obtained with ethyl chloroformate, suggesting that the fixation of the dye on wool or polyamide will be much the same. The fastness results are also equivalent.FCT-Fundação para a CiĂȘncia e Tecnologi
An eco-friendly dyeing of woolen yarn by Terminalia chebula extract with evaluations of kinetic and adsorption characteristics
In the present study Terminalia chebula was used as an eco-friendly natural colorant for sustainable textile coloration of woolen yarn with primary emphasis on thermodynamic and kinetic adsorption aspects of dyeing processes. Polyphenols and ellagitannins are the main coloring components of the dye extract. Assessment of the effect of pH on dye adsorption showed an increase in adsorption capacity with decreasing pH. Effect of temperature on dye adsorption showed 80 °C as optimum temperature for wool dyeing with T. chebula dye extract. Two kinetic equations, namely pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order equations, were employed to investigate the adsorption rates. Pseudo second-order model provided the best fit (R2 = 0.9908) to the experimental data. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The adsorption behavior accorded well (R2 = 0.9937) with Langmuir isotherm model. Variety of eco-friendly and sustainable shades were developed in combination with small amount of metallic mordants and assessed in terms of colorimetric (CIELâaâbâ and K/S) properties measured using spectrophotometer under D65 illuminant (10° standard observer). The fastness properties of dyed woolen yarn against light, washing, dry and wet rubbing were also evaluated
Dyeing studies and fastness properties of brown naphtoquinone colorant extracted from Juglans regia L on natural protein fiber using different metal salt mordants
In this study, wool fibers are dyed with a natural colorant extracted from walnut bark in presence and absence of mordants. The effect of aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and stannous chloride mordants on colorimetric and fastness properties of wool fibers was investigated. Juglone was identified as the main coloring component in walnut bark extract by UV visible and FTIR spectroscopic techniques. The results showed that pretreatment with metallic mordants substantially improved the colorimetric and fastness properties of wool fibers dyed with walnut bark extract. Ferrous sulfate and stannous chloride mordanted wool fibers shows best results than potassium aluminum sulfate mordanted and unmordanted wool fibers. This is ascribed due to strong chelating power of ferrous sulfate and stannous chloride mordants
Dyeing studies with henna and madder: A research on effect of tin (II) chloride mordant
The present paper deals with the application of natural dyes extracted from powdered henna (Lawsonia inermis) leaves and madder (Rubia cordifolia) roots on woolen yarn and assessment of effect of stannous chloride mordant on dyeability, color characteristics, fastness properties and antifungal activity of dyed woolen yarn. Sixteen shades have been developed for the characterization of their color characteristics and fastness properties. The color strength (K/S value) has been found to be very good in all dyed woolen yarn samples. The color fastness with respect to light exposure, washing and rubbing was quite satisfactory for both henna as well as madder dyed samples. Henna leaves extract was found very effective against Candida glabrata both in solution as well as after application on wool substrate but no antifungal activity is reported in case of madder both in solution as well as on wool substrate
Broadening Color Shade of Dyed Wool Fibre with Binary and Ternary Natural Plant Dye Combinations
A limited selection of natural dyesâ color impedes the development of textile dyeing with natural plant dyes. Inspiring by the conventional coloration of textiles with a combination of three synthetic dyes generally, the present work is to investigate the broadening color shade of dyed wool fiber with ternary natural dye combinations of madder red (MR), gardenia yellow (GY), and gardenia blue (GB) without mordants in a decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) medium. The wool yarn was wetted in an aqueous solution of pH 3 to own a 300% pickup rate, followed by immersion in a D5 medium containing 2% of alcohol ethoxylate (AEO-3) and solid natural dyes at 90°C for 90 min for coloration. The colorfastness to washing was achieved at a 4â5 for fading and a 5 rating for staining for all colors. The XRD patterns and TGA analysis confirmed that the dyeing procedure did not affect the crystallinity nature and stable thermal tendency. SEM images and cross-sections showed that the dyeing procedure did not damage the morphological structure of the wool fiber surface, and the dyes were evenly distributed. Finally, many color shades of dyed fibers were prepared with various dyesâ ratios
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