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Downlink Secrecy Rate of One-Bit Massive MIMO System with Active Eavesdropping
In this study, we consider the physical layer security in the downlink of a
Massive MIMO system employing one-bit quantization at the base station (BS). We
assume an active eavesdropper that attempts to spoiling the channel estimation
acquisition at the BS for a legitimate user, whereas overhearing on downlink
transmission. We consider the two most widespread methods for degrading the
eavesdropper's channel, the nullspace artificial noise (NS-AN) and random
artificial noise (R-AN). Then, we present a lower bound on the secrecy rate and
asymptotic performance, considering zero-forcing beamforming (ZF-BF) and
maximum-ratio transmission beamforming (MRT-BF). Our results reveal that even
when the eavesdropper is close enough to the intercepted user, a positive
secrecy rate --which tends to saturation with increasing the number of BS
antennas ---is possible, as long as the transmit power of eavesdropper is
less than that of the legitimate user during channel training. We show that
ZF-BF with NS-AN provides the best performance. It is found that MRT-BF and
ZF-BF are equivalent in the asymptotic limit of and hence the artificial
noise technique is the performance indicator. Moreover, we study the impact of
\emph{power-scaling law} on the secrecy rate. When the transmit power of BS is
reduced proportional to , the performance is independent of artificial
noise asymptotically and hence the beamforming technique is the performance
indicator. In addition, when the BS's power is reduced proportional to
, all combinations of beamforming and artificial noise schemes are
equally likely asymptotically, independent of quantization noise. We present
various numerical results to corroborate our analysis.Comment: 49 pages (onecolumn), 12 figures (Available in IEEE ACCESS(early
access): https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9006840