From the Headwaters to the Bay: Stories of the Saw Kill

Senior Project submitted to The Division of Social Studies of Bard College

Volume 52 - Issue 3 - October, 1942

https://scholar.rose-hulman.edu/technic/1189/thumbnail.jp

Rotary-linear axes for high speed machining

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (p. 353-358).This thesis presents the design, analysis, fabrication, and control of a rotary-linear axis; this axis is a key subsystem for high speed, 5-axis machine tools intended for fabricating centimeter-scale parts. The rotary-linear axis is a cylinder driven independently in rotation and translation. This hybridization minimizes machine inertias and thereby maximizes accelerations allowing for the production of parts with complex surfaces rapidly and accurately. Such parts might include dental restorations, molds, dies, and turbine blades. The hybrid rotary and linear motion provides special challenges for precision actuation and sensing. Our prototype rotary-linear axis consists of a central shaft, 3/4 inch (1.91 cm) in diameter and 15 inches (38.10 cm) long, supported by two cylindrical air bearings. The axis has one inch (2.54 cm) of linear travel and unlimited rotary travel. Two frameless permanent magnet motors respectively provide up to 41 N continuous force and 0.45 N-m continuous torque. The rotary motor is composed of commercially available parts; the tubular linear motor is completely custom-built. The prototype axis achieves a linear acceleration of 3 g's and a rotary acceleration of 1,300 rad/s2. With higher power current amplifiers and reduced sensor inertia, we predict the axis could attain peak accelerations of 12 g's and 17,500 rad/s2 at low duty cycles. This thesis also examines several concepts for developing a precision rotary-linear sensor that can tolerate axial translation.Our prototype rotary sensor uses two laser interferometers to measure the orientation of a slightly tilted mirror attached to the shaft. A third interferometer measures shaft translation. The rotary axis has a control bandwidth of 40 Hz; the linear axis has a bandwidth of 70 Hz. The rotary-linear axis has 2.5 nm rms linear positioning noise and 3.1 prad rms rotary positioning noise. This thesis presents one novel 5-axis machine topology which uses two rotary-linear axes. The first axis rotates and translates the part. The second axis carries the cutting tool and provides high speed spindle rotation as well as infeed along the axis of rotation. For use as a spindle, precision rotary sensing is not required, and a sensorless control scheme based on motor currents and voltages can be used.by Michael Kevin Leibman.Ph.D

Sound As Artifact

A distinguishing feature of the discipline of archaeology is its reliance upon sensory dependant investigation. As perceived by all of the senses, the felt environment is a unique area of archaeological knowledge. It is generally accepted that the emergence of industrial processes in the recent past has been accompanied by unprecedented sonic extremes. The work of environmental historians has provided ample evidence that the introduction of much of this unwanted sound, or noise was an area of contestation. More recent research in the history of sound has called for more nuanced distinctions than the noisy/quiet dichotomy. Acoustic archaeology tends to focus upon a reconstruction of sound producing instruments and spaces with a primary goal of ascertaining intentionality. Most archaeoacoustic research is focused on learning more about the sonic world of people within prehistoric timeframes while some research has been done on historic sites. In this thesis, by way of a meditation on industrial sound and the physical remains of the Quincy Mining Company blacksmith shop (Hancock, MI) in particular, I argue for an acceptance and inclusion of sound as artifact in and of itself. I am introducing the concept of an individual sound-form, or sonifact, as a reproducible, repeatable, representable physical entity, created by tangible, perhaps even visible, host-artifacts. A sonifact is a sound that endures through time, with negligible variability. Through the piecing together of historical and archaeological evidence, in this thesis I present a plausible sonifactual assemblage at the blacksmith shop in April 1916 as it may have been experienced by an individual traversing the vicinity on foot: an \u27historic soundwalk.\u27 The sensory apprehension of abandoned industrial sites is multi-faceted. In this thesis I hope to make the case for an acceptance of sound as a primary heritage value when thinking about the industrial past, and also for an increased awareness and acceptance of sound and listening as a primary mode of perception

1929 The Analysis

Many events have occurred during our years at Philadelphia Textile School. Some of them are important, others trivial. Of these it is possible for only a few to be here recorded. In the years to come, some chronicle, however, incomplete, may help to freshen the memories of the class of 1929. With this purpose in mind, the ANALYSlS staff have labored to produce this volume.https://jdc.jefferson.edu/analysis/1002/thumbnail.jp

REPRESENTATIONS OF NATURE AND ECOLOGICAL COLLAPSE IN THE NOVELS OF JANE AUSTEN, LYDIA MARIA CHILD, AND CATHARINE MARIA SEDGWICK

Did Jane Austen precede Charles Dickens in pointing out air pollution in the big cities? Did she predate Elizabeth Gaskell in delineating the odd blending of rural and industrial towns? And did she surpass Mary Elizabeth Braddon in acknowledging the unusual cultivation of fruits in hothouses? Indeed, Austen antedated Victorian novelists in predicting early signs of environmental manipulation and identifying the attitudes and practices that led to the ecological collapse of early nineteenth century England. In Emma, Isabella’s health blooms in the fresh air of Highbury as opposed to London’s “bad air;” an indication of air pollution wreaking havoc on the health of city dwellers. In Mansfield Park, Fanny laments the deforestation of an entire avenue of trees at Sotherton estate; a manifestation of humans’ greatest impact on nature. In Northanger Abbey, Isabella Thorpe faces the daily aggravation of Bath’s metropolis chaos; an attestation to urbanization gradually absorbing rural towns. Meanwhile, Catherine disapproves General Tilney’s hothouse enclosure, which is a testament to the awkward hybridization of plants’ species. These incidents are the key indicators of an environmental breakdown that Austen notices during and perhaps before the time she published her novels. Therefore, this dissertation will reconceptualize her response to nature and place her novels at the forefront of ecocriticism. Further, this ecological discussion will cross the ocean and extend its argument to Lydia Maria Child and Catharine Maria Sedgwick: two American authors who are Austen’s contemporaries. Child’s Hobomok and Sedgwick’s A New England Tale are equally involved in revealing the harmful practices that affect the American wilderness. Their observations present nature as often exploited by England’s imperial ambitions. Thus, building on Lawrence Buell’s definition of literary texts as “acts of environmental imagination” that make “the world [feels] more or less precious, endangered, or disposable” (Writing for an Endangered World 3), this dissertation will discuss their key novels—Austen’s Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, Emma, Northanger Abbey, and Persuasion, Sedgwick’s A New England Tale, and Child’s Hobomok—as acts of environmental imagination that perceive nature as a realm of unsurpassed beauty yet, often threatened and endangered

"One of these days I'm going to get Organiz-ized": Insomnia as the Arrhythmic Experience of Modernity

The proliferation of insomnia and related discourses since the 1970s has produced an expanding moral economy of sleep. The discursive field of sleep has been defined by the production of biological assumptions of the nature of sleep in the sleep sciences, their distribution through clinical modes of hygienic and pharmacological intervention into disturbed sleep, and their popularization in media discourses of risk, suffering and management. My research begins by identifying the situation of sleep as a discursive object in the sleep sciences, which I contrast with experiential representations of insomnia in the film Withnail and I (1987). The purpose is to dislodge insomnia pathology and instead to understand it as an arrhythmic modality. What emerges in this discourse, however, is a romanticized notion of the discordant body unable to integrate to the rhythms of capital. I then examine the role of sleeplessness in the production of white masculine suffering in neoliberal capitalism through Taxi Driver (1976) and Fight Club (1999). In contrast to this privileged form of androcentric insomnia, I then turn to biographical accounts of insomnia by Gayle Greene and Patricia Morrisoe, who narrate the effects of sleeplessness and their gendered movements through consumer culture and clinical spaces in their attempts to restore what they understand to be natural sleep. The limitations of this embrace of natural sleep as an object of desire is then opened in examining the epistemological foundations of the sleep sciences. The objectification of sleep in the sleep sciences proffered a means of accessing a biological substratum that would define the proper expression of sleep. Rejecting this notion of a discrete substratum, and the attendant notion of sleep debt, I close with a chapter on the way in which the spatio-temporal disciplinary apparatuses of the milieu and the functionalized day served to consolidate sleep rhythms and thus the claims of the sleep sciences. The purpose of the dissertation is to call into question the role of the social sciences in furthering discourses of insomnia as friction between bodies and the bureaucratic-functional ordering of the day. Instead I develop sleep as a biopolitical object of intervention and management, one based on the occlusion of the structuring agencies of sleep

Discovering Smeaton : people, trade and finance, a study of imperialism and its heritage

Using Anderson’s Mill in the Victorian goldfield township of Smeaton as a case study, this thesis examines how the process of colonisation can be understood through the study of local history in the context of its imperial heritage. It also examines the transition of Crown sovereignty to colonial sovereignty in Victoria during the second half of the nineteenth century. This thesis explores the proposition that by discovering the history of Smeaton through the era of John Anderson, it is possible to trace how the Victorian gold rushes and the imperial legacy shaped the emerging Australian nation and constructions of identity during the era when the doctrine of terra nullius prevailed. The thesis sets out the argument that the history of Anderson's Mill and the township of Smeaton provides an original perspective into the Australian colonisation process, particularly in the colony of Victorian. It also contends that the Victorian gold rushes altered the balance of an imperial power struggle that influenced the colonial foundations of notions of sovereignty. This was underpinned by finance and trade, which were the driving forces that transferred the notion of empire through to local colonial communities. What emerges in this thesis is a critical narrative of colonial Victoria, which highlights the particular dynamic tension that was present between the colony and the imperial centre through a sharp focus on Anderson’s Mill and Smeaton, its associated townships.Doctor of Philosoph

Malmsbury bluestone and quarries : Finding holes in history and heritage

Malmsbury bluestone was used widely from 1856 in buildings in Victoria, throughout Australia, and in New Zealand. It features in many structures listed on heritage registers, yet its presence is barely recognised. This largely results from the stone quarries, buildings and the men who laboured with it being absent from modern Australian historiography. The fame previously associated with the stone was lost when stone use for structural purposes, and the associated stone skills, declined; a situation exacerbated by poor recognition of the stone industry’s role in building our nation through heritage citations of structures. Inspired by E. P. Thompson, this thesis uses Critical Inquiry though microhistory and landscape analysis to regain the stone’s fame and rescue stoneworkers from the condescension of history. A detailed analysis of quarries, structures, the bluestone industry, and a rarely-attempted total reconstitution of the lives of 194 vital stoneworkers, reveals a valuable cultural heritage currently undervalued and at risk. Malmsbury stoneworkers came from diverse backgrounds but worked co-operatively to promote and sustain a local industry which supplied a nationally-vital building material, despite the absence of a regulatory framework to protect their lives and rights. Scientific methods document the geological properties of the stone and demonstrate how, in the absence of science, skilled stoneworkers nevertheless identified and worked a valuable resource. Modern science could however be used to test building stones in a non-destructive manner to determine the sources of currently unidentified building stones. This thesis significantly contributes to the limited discourse on the history and heritage of Australian stone use through the perspectives of cultural landscapes, labour history and built and cultural heritage. Malmsbury bluestone truly was the standard of excellence and, along with stoneworkers, warrants more extensive recognition in Australia’s Heritage registers.Doctor of Philosoph

The Legacy of the Hawaiian Cultivator in Windward Valleys of Hawaii. (Volumes I and II).

The composition of a forest of relicts of cultivation in four uninhabited valleys in Kohala, Hawaii, is documented. A general hypothesis is made that arboreal distribution patterns are a function of both historical land use and ecological interaction since abandonment. The physical and historical geography of the valleys was investigated. Climate varies little, but distinct geomorphic zones offer differing biological environments. Prehistoric land use consisted of taro patches with intercropped banks. Talus slope gardens supported the Polynesian tree crops \u27ohi\u27a \u27ai (Eugenia malaccensis), kukui (Aleurites moluccana), \u27ulu, (Artocarpus incisus), ti (Cordyline terminalis), and noni (Morinda citrifolia), important in today\u27s flora. Gathering took place on slopes. Western contact with Hawaii, initiated in 1778, brought new crops. Papaya (Carica papaya), mango (Mangifera indica), guava (Psidium guajava), and coffee (Coffea arabica) were important adoptions in Kohala. As land use changed, the region also suffered depopulation, losing half its numbers between 1830 and 1870. Chinese rice-growing forestalled complete abandonment, which finally occurred after 1920. Current vegetation was assessed by creating 15 sampling units containing 554 quadrats. Inside quadrats, the size-class and species of each tree was recorded, yielding measures of frequency, density, cover, importance, and richness. Four environmental conditions were also assessed. The resulting variables were mapped and inter-correlated. Guava, kukui, noni, \u27ohi\u27a \u27ai, ti, hala (Pandanus odoratissimus), and coffee proved the most numerous species. Rarer species were often localized, illuminating historical land use. The data were examined and reformatted into matrices suitable for cross-classification analysis. Consistent relationships included the association of guava with low-slope and \u27ohi\u27a \u27ai with high-slope. Richness showed association with high-slope and cliff proximity. The mark of Hawaiian cultivators is apparent. Polynesian species accounted for 48.2% of the importance value. Size-class histograms revealed a stable structure for most species. Certain Western exotics had spotty distributions or size-class structures that indicate impending extinction. Native species are rare except for hala. There are indications that they were probably scarce during prehistory as well. This study exemplifies historical biogeography. It synthesizes methods of geography, ecology, and archaeology for the purpose of better interpreting cultural vegetation