4,481 research outputs found
Context Update for Lambdas and Vectors
Vector models of language are based on the contextual aspects of words
and how they co-occur in text. Truth conditional models focus on the
logical aspects of language, the denotations of phrases, and their
compositional properties. In the latter approach the denotation of a
sentence determines its truth conditions and can be taken to be a
truth value, a set of possible worlds, a context change
potential, or similar. In this short paper, we develop a vector
semantics for language based on the simply typed lambda calculus. Our
semantics uses techniques familiar from the truth conditional tradition
and is based on a form of dynamic interpretation inspired by
Heim's context updates
Distributional Sentence Entailment Using Density Matrices
Categorical compositional distributional model of Coecke et al. (2010)
suggests a way to combine grammatical composition of the formal, type logical
models with the corpus based, empirical word representations of distributional
semantics. This paper contributes to the project by expanding the model to also
capture entailment relations. This is achieved by extending the representations
of words from points in meaning space to density operators, which are
probability distributions on the subspaces of the space. A symmetric measure of
similarity and an asymmetric measure of entailment is defined, where lexical
entailment is measured using von Neumann entropy, the quantum variant of
Kullback-Leibler divergence. Lexical entailment, combined with the composition
map on word representations, provides a method to obtain entailment relations
on the level of sentences. Truth theoretic and corpus-based examples are
provided.Comment: 11 page
An application of distributional semantics for the analysis of the Holy Quran
In this contribution we illustrate the methodology and the results of an experiment we conducted by applying Distributional Semantics Models to the analysis of the Holy Quran. Our aim was to gather information on the potential differences in meanings that the same words might take on when used in Modern Standard Arabic w.r.t. their usage in the Quran. To do so we used the Penn Arabic Treebank as a contrastive corpu
From Frequency to Meaning: Vector Space Models of Semantics
Computers understand very little of the meaning of human language. This
profoundly limits our ability to give instructions to computers, the ability of
computers to explain their actions to us, and the ability of computers to
analyse and process text. Vector space models (VSMs) of semantics are beginning
to address these limits. This paper surveys the use of VSMs for semantic
processing of text. We organize the literature on VSMs according to the
structure of the matrix in a VSM. There are currently three broad classes of
VSMs, based on term-document, word-context, and pair-pattern matrices, yielding
three classes of applications. We survey a broad range of applications in these
three categories and we take a detailed look at a specific open source project
in each category. Our goal in this survey is to show the breadth of
applications of VSMs for semantics, to provide a new perspective on VSMs for
those who are already familiar with the area, and to provide pointers into the
literature for those who are less familiar with the field
Non-distributional Word Vector Representations
Data-driven representation learning for words is a technique of central
importance in NLP. While indisputably useful as a source of features in
downstream tasks, such vectors tend to consist of uninterpretable components
whose relationship to the categories of traditional lexical semantic theories
is tenuous at best. We present a method for constructing interpretable word
vectors from hand-crafted linguistic resources like WordNet, FrameNet etc.
These vectors are binary (i.e, contain only 0 and 1) and are 99.9% sparse. We
analyze their performance on state-of-the-art evaluation methods for
distributional models of word vectors and find they are competitive to standard
distributional approaches.Comment: Proceedings of ACL 201
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