Synergy in online dispute resolution and the need to protect privacy and personal data

Esta contribuição apresenta uma nova compleição para a resolução de litígios em linha. Neste artigo pretendemos aferir se a performatividade e sinergia dos sistemas de Ambiente Inteligente (AmI), através da inserção de sensores introduzidos em dispositivos móveis que nos são familiares, poderá enriquecer o processo comunicacional e decisional na resolução de conflitos em linha. Com estes novos contributos, fornecemos uma perspectiva das principais implicações jurídicas do uso desta tecnologia de natureza ubíqua no ODR. Propomo-nos a retratar e responder às principais críticas e apreensões relacionadas com o AmI e conceituamo-las no quadrante da mediação online. Dispomo-nos a analisar a relevância, aplicabilidade e adequação da legislação atinente à privacidade e proteção de dados face aos emergentes desafios do AmI.CROWDSOURCING: Instrumentos Semânticos Para el Desarrollo de la Participacion y la Mediacion Online Referência: DER2012-39492-C02-01 - Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. DGICYT.Subdirección General de Proyectos de Investigación - Espannha

Addressing the \u27Failure\u27 of Informed Consent in Online Data Protection: Learning the Lessons from Behaviour-Aware Regulation

Information notice and data subject\u27s consent are the current main legal safeguards of data protection and privacy rights: they reflect individuals\u27 instances, such as self-determination and control over one\u27s own private sphere, that have been acknowledged in many jurisdictions. However, the theoretic strength of these safeguards appears frustrated by current online practices that seem suggesting to give-up with their most common form of implementation: privacy notices and request for consent. These measures are proving to be unsuccessful in increasing users\u27 awareness and in fostering a privacy protective-behaviour. As recent studies have shown, although people declare privacy concerns, their actual behaviour diverges from their statements (the privacy paradox ), as they seem to increasingly disclose personal data and to not even read privacy notices available online; eventually, the current privacy notices are not effective in regulating user\u27s data disclosure. Behaviourally informed approaches to regulatory problems, already applied to different areas of information provision and public policy, helped to clarify the reasons of similar peoples\u27 behaviour that cannot be reduced to a simplistic users do not care about privacy. Highlighting the regulatory weakness of traditional information notices, applied behavioural science has also demonstrated to be particularly effective in improving users\u27 decision-making and attaining concrete policy objectives if accompanied by ad hoc design interventions to display the relevant, salient information. As users do not read privacy policies or act in contradiction with them, other strategies might be more successful in promoting, nudging, privacy-protective behaviour. The use of innovative information notices, like salient alerts and nudges, seems to be a promising means of behavioural change also in the area of digital privacy, a possible new area of application of behavioural insights. Building on recent studies in the field ( conducted mainly in the U.S.), this paper considers new forms of privacy notices (like visceral notices), as alternative or complement to current legal (technical) measures for data protection. For the informed consent approach (or notice and choice approach) to work, it needs to be improved with welldesigned, transparent and regulated nudging system, capable to help citizens in their decision-making as regards their privacy. Without disregarding the challenges and limitations of nudging strategies in public policy in general and in the privacy area in particular, and examining their legal grounds, the paper aims also to integrate that branch of legal-policy research that see nudging methods as an effective way to gently encourage safer behaviours in the citizens.