51% of U.S. adults bank online

This report finds that digital banking, by both internet and cell phone, is on the rise.OverviewFifty-one percent of U.S. adults, or 61% of internet users, bank online. Thirty-two percent of U.S. adults, or 35% of cell phone owners, bank using their mobile phones. Both types of digital banking are on the rise. In 2010, 46% of U.S. adults, or 58% of internet users, said they bank online. In 2011, 18% of cell phone owners said they have used their phone to check their balance or transact business with a bank

Classical sampling theorems in the context of multirate and polyphase digital filter bank structures

The recovery of a signal from so-called generalized samples is a problem of designing appropriate linear filters called reconstruction (or synthesis) filters. This relationship is reviewed and explored. Novel theorems for the subsampling of sequences are derived by direct use of the digital-filter-bank framework. These results are related to the theory of perfect reconstruction in maximally decimated digital-filter-bank systems. One of the theorems pertains to the subsampling of a sequence and its first few differences and its subsequent stable reconstruction at finite cost with no error. The reconstruction filters turn out to be multiplierless and of the FIR (finite impulse response) type. These ideas are extended to the case of two-dimensional signals by use of a Kronecker formalism. The subsampling of bandlimited sequences is also considered. A sequence x(n ) with a Fourier transform vanishes for |ω|&ges;Lπ/M, where L and M are integers with L<M, can in principle be represented by reducing the data rate by the amount M/L. The digital polyphase framework is used as a convenient tool for the derivation as well as mechanization of the sampling theorem

Polyphase networks, block digital filtering, LPTV systems, and alias-free QMF banks: a unified approach based on pseudocirculants

The relationship between block digital filtering and quadrature mirror filter (QMF) banks is explored. Necessary and sufficient conditions for alias cancellation in QMF banks are expressed in terms of an associated matrix, derived from the polyphase components of the analysis and synthesis filters. These conditions, called the pseudocirculant conditions, make it possible to unite QMF banks with the framework of block digital filtering directly. Absence of amplitude distortion in an alias-free QMF bank translates into the 'losslessness' property of the pseudocirculant matrix involved

Design considerations for a filter bank based TVWS transceiver

This paper discusses the design of a filter bank based transceiver capable of simultaneously up- or downconverting the entire TV white space (TVWS) frequency band. The spectral mask requirements favour a filter bank based approach, whereby RF sampling and the use of an FPGA for digital up- and down-conversion dictates a two-stage approach. Some of the design considerations, including filter design approaches, are discussed in this contribution

JAMAICA & e–BANKING

In Jamaica there has been some improvement in electronic banking referred to e- banking worldwide. We are definitely on the road to this ultimate digital revolution. Especially with products coming out of National Commercial Bank (primarily) and to Bank Of Nova Scotia to a lesser extent. You can either go online or via telephone and pay a number of bills from the comfort of your living room or bedroom any hour of the day by debit card or by visa card. In other countries especially USA and Europe to facilitate this the digital revolution they have designed a product called a STORED VISA/MASTERCARD where any one rich or poor can open an account in any currency and add to the credit card account to the desired credit limit one desires and/or a bank determined maximum for the product. We have in Jamaica a secured credit card where you have to put money forward in a secured account. The former I have described facilitates all while the latter secured credit card limits the greater majority. In the case of Cable & Wireless I can use my Visa/MasterCard and pay my bill on the phone and get real-time payments credited to my account. If for example my phone is locked off and I can go next-door use my friends phone pay my bill and within 5 minutes my phone is back on. The Introduction by all Banks in Jamaica of the Stored Visa/MasterCard Card could be a serious contributing factor to stemming the tide of the digital divide and facilitating the serious onward progress on the road of the digital revolution making Jamaica not another Singapore but a highly competitive Jamaica, a serious player in the Global Village. In order to get a better grasp of the concept of e banking we explore topics that will enable the reader to have a better understanding of the thinking behind the concept.e-banking, Jmaica e-banking,Jamaica, Jamaica Banking

Active control of vibrant actuators with adaptive adjustment of the reference

An improved adaptive filter for eliminating periodic vibrations of unknown frequency in rotary machinery is presented. The proposed canceller is based on a usual bank of digital adaptive notch filters, each filter tuned in the cancellation of one harmonic. The amplitude and phase of each harmonic is adaptively adjusted by an LMS-based algorithm. Moreover, the central frequency of each notch filter is also adaptively adjusted (fine tuning). The resulting algorithm, tested in an industrial application, shows effectiveness in cancelling unknown periodic disturbances, reducing environmental noise and maintenance problems.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

The next generation of digital currencies: in search of stability. Bruegel Policy Contribution Issue #15 December 2019

Four major developments have challenged the status quo and reopened the debate on the forms that money will take in the future: 1) use of cash as a medium of exchange has declined; 2) distributed ledger technology (DLT) has led to the emergence of thousands of digital cryptocurrencies; 3) some global tech giants are planning to provide private digital currencies to their billions of users in the form of stablecoins; and 4) in turn, public authorities are thinking about providing their own digital currencies to the general public. • These developments raise questions about the implications for financial stability, the transmission of monetary policy and financial intermediation. This Policy Contribution focuses on the consequences stablecoins and central bank digital currencies could have. • Stablecoins, such as Facebook’s Libra, differ from earlier generations of cryptocurrencies in three fundamental ways. First, they would start with large networks of users and global accessibility, two pivotal features for the critical uptake of a new currency. Second, given the current limitations of DLT, including in terms of energy efficiency, new stablecoins would rely on (more) centralised systems to validate transactions. Third, stablecoins would focus particularly on reducing the volatility in the value of the new currency. • These new features of stablecoins attempt to correct some of the critical deficiencies identified in first-generation cryptocurrencies, which meant they did not acquire the main functions of money. However, new stablecoins raise other questions and potentially create new problems. One issue could arise from the more centralised (permissioned) validation system, which could lead to collusion problems. Another issue could arise from the reserve system that is supposed to ensure the stability of stablecoins, such as Libra, which could be incompatible with the profit maximisation behaviour of a private issuer. • Facebook’s Libra plan has been a wake-up call to central banks and governments which, afraid of losing their monetary sovereignty, have renewed their interest in central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) as a potential solution. CBDCs could make private digital currencies less attractive and slow down their adoption. • But there are other reasons to give the general public access to central bank liabilities. One important reason to provide CBDCs to citizens is that if cash disappears, citizens will lose direct access to sovereign money. Another benefit of the introduction of CBDCs is that monetary policy could be strengthened by transmitting it directly to the general public. • However, the introduction of CBDCs could also be disruptive and create risks. In particular, CBDCs could have major consequences for financial intermediation. These risks would have to be evaluated by policymakers before any decisions are taken. • If CBDCs are introduced, central banks would have to carefully calibrate their properties to minimise these risks. But, eventually, if these risks – and in particular the risk of structural financial disintermediation – do materialise, central banks would have various instruments to counter the

ANALISIS KEINGINAN MASYARAKAT KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR MENGGUNAKAN LAYANAN KEUANGAN DIGITAL

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesediaan masyarakat yang mau menggunakan layanan keuangan digital. Peneilitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Aceh Besar dengan mengambil 200 sampel secara acak di beberapa desa. Model yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model logit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari variabel pendapatan, jarak ke pusat perekonomian, jarak ke bank terdekat, dan layanan sinyal, hanya terdapat satu variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap keinginan menggunakan layanan keuangan digital, yaitu variabel jarak ke bank terdekat sementara variabel jarak ke pusat perekonomian berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, banyak masyarakat yang kurang mengetahui Layanan Keuangan Digital dan sebagian masyarakat masih kurang menggunakan layanan perbankan. Peneliti merekomendasikan agar pemerintah dan Bank Indonesia turut serta mensosialisasikan mengenai Layanan Keuangan Digital