30 research outputs found
The new class in Vietnam
PhDVietnam has posted impressive gains in growth of output, exports and poverty reduction over the last twenty years. The standard explanation of this sustained success views Vietnamâs transition from socialism to capitalism as an extension of markets and removal of obstacles to their efficient operation. This view of transition is based on a particular view of the origins of capitalism, in which capitalism emerges due to the expansion of trade, technology and the removal of obstacles to the natural tendencies of human interaction. However, this view of the origins of capitalism cannot explain the uniqueness of capitalism as a distinct historical social formation.
A Marxist framework will be used, stressing the emergence of a new social division of labour based on the emerging class relation between capital and labour. This transformation forces a shift to accumulation through the market, requiring capitalists to operate under the market imperative in order to survive. This will be combined with Djilas (1957) and the concept of communist bureaucracies as a New Class in order to investigate the emergence of capitalism in Vietnam.
The research question is how does the appearance and reproduction of the New Class
provide insight into the development of a specifically Vietnamese capitalism? Data on
Vietnamâs largest 200 firms will be analyzed through the New Class lens to explore the
transformation occurring in Vietnam
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Regulating Cyberspace in Vietnam: Entry, Struggle, and Gain
This study explores the evolution of cyber regulation in Vietnam since its inception, that is from the events of January 1997, when cyberspace first arrived in Vietnam, to the momentous protests instigated by the Cybersecurity Draft Law in June 2018. A Vietnamese cyber regulatory regime is imagined as an analytically constructed regulatory space where different actors enter, struggle, and gain in their pursuit of regulatory interests. The study argues that cyberspace in contemporary Vietnam has aided non-state actors to participate in the law-making and regulatory processes by inducing state actors to respond with cyber laws, regulatory approaches, and measures. Moving beyond the dichotomy of cyberspace as an inevitable tool for liberation or oppression, Vietnamese cyberspace has been both an instrument for non-state actors to participate in lawmaking, and a regulatory measure for state actors to regain control. A sociological landscape in contemporary Vietnam is depicted through the evolution of a Vietnamese cyber regulatory regime, shaped by dynamic interactions between domestic actors. In sharp contrast to the previous image of an authoritarian Vietnam, cyberspace has aided contemporary Vietnam to metamorphose into a more pluralistic society where organically formed social actors co-regulate cyberspace
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Readiness of Digital Transformation in Vietnamese Universities
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on Viet Nam higher education has both highlighted and accelerated the digital transformation agenda at universities. National level policy has also shaped and driven forward the digital transformation agenda. Positive and rapid progress has been made to date. Some universities were actively engaged in this process prior to Covid-19 through the transformation of institutional processes and systems, engaging in a range of collaborative partnerships focused on digital transformation nationally, regionally and internationally and providing a range of support for students and staff. However, a range of challenges remain both nationally and in particular for those institutions that have only recently embarked on digital transformation.
The report presents a snapshot of the current state, and potential, of digital transformation in Viet Nam higher education and current collaboration with UK universities to support the digital transformation agenda. A holistic approach to address national issues accompanied by increased support to ensure that all HEIs, and their staff and students, are actively involved and supported appropriately in this process is key. Ensuring that support is equitably distributed is also key to ensure that all universities are able to effectively embark on their own digital transformation journey and participate in a range of collaborations.
This report makes a series of recommendations and also suggests a series of recommendations for collaboration to support different types of activity between UK and Viet Nam universities
A Different Path: The Minority Muslim Experience in Southeast Asia
This thesis looks at the three significant Muslim minority communities in Vietnam, Cambodia and Southern Thailand from the perspective of living in a predominantly monocultural, non-Muslim society, and how they function economically, socially, religiously and politically in this context. It particularly focuses on the time period from 1945 to the present day, from the end of the Second World War and the post-colonial era as this is a significant break-point and begins the recent era of local societies. The end of the Second World War brought about significant change in all three countries. All three had been occupied by the Japanese. (Thailand had joined an alliance with the Japanese, but this was a face-saving accommodation, leading to de facto Japanese government and rule.) After the Japanese defeat, the French colonial power attempted to reassert itself in Indo-China, followed by a similar American exercise of influence. In Thailand, a return to independence saw Thailand become a close ally and client state of the USA, a bulwark against Communist insurgency in the rest of Southeast Asia. By 1975 all three states were free of foreign control, and pursued policies of self-determination and independent development, albeit in dramatically different ways. I examine this situation from Muslim perspectives, from the governing policies of the states themselves and from the viewpoint of the non-Muslim majority citizens of the states. I endeavour to identify common themes and strategies and divergent reactions to their lived environment. I seek to answer the question: how have long-existing Muslim minorities come to terms with their environment in the societies of Southeast Asia that have a dominant, if not monocultural ethos, what will this mean for their future in the region, and what is its impact on the Muslim and global community? There are two distinct and clearly identifiable ethnic groups â the lowland Cham of Vietnam and Cambodiaâs Mekong Delta and the Malay Muslims of the Southern border provinces of Thailand. The first group are ethnically homogenous, although split in two by a political border that can be rigid but is also a fluid means of communication and economic activity. The second are also ethnically homogenous, but exist within the borders of modern Thailand, where they vary from the majority population in language, economic status, allegiance to and treatment by the Thai state. By understanding the way in which these groups exist, survive, accommodate (or resist) their non-Muslim state and government structures, I draw conclusions about the success and future development of these societies â and of course, their failures. There are also interesting lessons to learn for multicultural societies coming to terms with Muslim minorities, and other Muslims working to develop in a non-Muslim environment. Although these groups are relatively small and have a low profile in the Muslim world, they are also deeply rooted, having been resident in their areas for significantly longer than the modern states that now surround them
Vietnam in transition : education, culture and ethics : a reader and curriculum
Preface by Christoph StĂŒckelbergerThis book reflects on the process of constructing a curriculum for
Vietnam studies designed for educators and researchers in the field of
social studies. Based on a selection of scholarly works, proceeds of
seminars and conferences on education inside and outside Vietnam,
the English edition proposes an analysis on factors that affect the
learning environment of Vietnam as a young nation in the context of
globalisation. The texts presented cover a large spectrum of subjects,
starting with the changes in the educational and cultural background
of Cochinchina under the French colonial period, visiting the role of
higher education in an economy in transition, including the major
literary trends in the pre-1975 Southern Vietnam modernisation
process, among others. Transcripts of seminars and conferences
reflect participantsâ visions on the future of Vietnamese education, with
the editorâs comments as takeaways at the end of each section
AID FOR TRADE AS CONTESTED STATE BUILDING INTERVENTION: THE CASES OF LAOS AND VIETNAM
PhDThe thesis analyses the provision of âAid for Tradeâ as a specific form of state building
intervention (SBI) in Laos and Vietnam, two countries that have received trade-related assistance
as part of their global economic integration. The thesis uncovers how global economic and
institutional reform agendas related to trade integration are accepted or contested within both
states, as part of a highly political process characterised by strategic agency and structural
selectivities of various actors involved. The thesis employs a theoretical framework to help
analyse how global trade governance programmes intervene within targeted states, and how local
socio-political contestation shapes the outcomes of such programmes. Drawing on Marxist state
theory, SBIs are understood as contested processes which open up strategic opportunities for
social forces to shape the transformation process and thereby to stabilise or challenge existing
power relations. Special attention is directed towards the state as an arena of conflict in order to
understand the specific forms and varying results that these interventions take. This framework
allows us to grasp how dominant social forces within the Laotian and Vietnamese forms of state
are able to modify or circumvent external reform imperatives, resulting in highly selective
changes in trade governance, which often departs from the intention of âAid for Tradeâ project
managers. The thesis thereby changes conventional technocratic assumptions that believe that aid
interventions are a matter of best practice and contributes to a growing research agenda which
analyses development interventions within the wider political economy of the targeted state.QMUL Principal's Postgraduate Research Studentshi
Smart Cities in Asia
This open access book examines different aspects of smart cities, including technology, urban development, sustainable development, finance, and privacy and data protection. It also covers a wide range of jurisdictions in Asia-Pacific: Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The book consists of two main parts. The first part includes general chapters that conceptualize smart cities and provide an overview of these citiesâ problems such as privacy and data protection concern. The general chapters also discuss the role of public and private sectors in developing and governing smart cities. The second part encompasses country-specific chapters that examine the concepts addressed in the general chapters in practice by analyzing several specific smart city projects. This book provides researchers and practitioners with some knowledge of a smart city and its implication in the Asia context. The book is designed with some general chapters updating the literature on smart cities for readers who are interested in an overview of this concept. Audiences who are curious about how smart cities are perceived and implemented in some Asian jurisdictions are benefited from country-specific chapters. The book is also helpful to general audiences whose interests lay at the intersection of law, governance, and technology
Generational Expressions of Basque Nationalism
This work studies the difference in the expressions of Basque nationalism between the Basque youth and the older generations of the Basque population in the Basque Country of Spain, or Euskadi. I hypothesized that the Basque youth would express nationalism banally, or in everyday activities, while the older generations would be intentional and active in their expressions, due to the older generationsâ experiences with the Franco regime and ETA, the Basque terrorist group. I researched using articles from a Basque newspaper, Euskal Irrati Telebista. I chose key words and searched through articles written in 2017. I also conducted a survey to ask questions pertaining to the respondentsâ Basque identities, to measure nationalism as an aspect of oneâs identity. I coded the articles and the survey responses. In conclusion, I found that both the groups were active, rather than banal, in Basque nationalist expressions, though the methods and topics of their nationalist expressions varied. Media was much more important to the youth, appealing to the influence of technology and digital capitalism. I also found that ETA and Franco did not impact the older generationsâ expressions of nationalism nor their promotion of nationalism to the Basque youth. Independence was addressed more often among the older generations than the youth. Both groups found culture, language, violence, activism, and politics to be important in Euskadi