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    ์ „์ž์ƒ์ž์„ฑ๊ณต๋ช… ์น˜์•„ ๋ˆ„์  ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์ฒด๋‚ด ์„ ๋Ÿ‰ํ‰๊ฐ€์—์˜ ์ ์šฉ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์œตํ•ฉ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์œตํ•ฉ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€(๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์œตํ•ฉ์˜์ƒ๋ช…์ „๊ณต), 2022. 8. ์˜ˆ์„ฑ์ค€.For the triage purpose in the large radiation accident situation, the in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) tooth dosimetry is a unique and useful tool. It can rapidly distinguish irradiated ones from others. For the counter accident, the mobility to move to the accident location is also an important factor. For this purpose, a new EPR magnet was developed with the lighter weight, and the in vivo optimized design in this thesis. This was also a part of the project to develop the entire EPR spectrometer comprehensively. In the second part of the thesis, in vivo tooth dosimetry was described. Even with the dose-response curve acquired from extracted teeth, a dose-response data from in vivo measurements is required due to the different dosimetric sensitivity under in vivo circumstances, which is represented by Q factor. Also it was shown that there was difference in Q factor between individuals observed from volunteersโ€™ teeth in their oral cavity. To reflect the difference between individuals, a new method was suggested. The newly suggested pseudo-in-vivo phantom did an important role in this method. The Q factor could be intentionally changed in the range of in vivo measurements. Throughout the thesis, the performance of the developed magnet was verified through three steps. First, the magnetic flux density was measured and compared with the finite element method (FEM) simulation. Second, EPR spectrum was acquired from irradiated teeth as the preliminary test. For this, two intact human incisors irradiated 5 and 30 Gy with 220 kVp X-ray were measured. As the final test, EPR spectra was measured from post-radiotherapy patients and the tooth absorbed doses were assessed with in vivo measurement. For this, dose-response curves for various Q factors were acquired prior to the in vivo assessments. In the process to collect the dose-response data, the aforementioned pseudo-in-vivo phantom was used. Four intact human incisor teeth were used to collect the dose-response data. From the dose-response data, the Q factor relationships between the dosimetric sensitivity and background signal was acquired. From these relationships, a patient adopted dose-response curve was generated with a patientโ€™s specific Q factor. The irradiated doses were assessed from two post-TBI patients with this method. Based on the dose-response curves, the doses which the patients were irradiated during the treatments were estimated.๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ƒ์ž/ํ™˜์ž ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ฒด๋‚ด ์ „์ž์ƒ์ž์„ฑ๊ณต๋ช… ์น˜์•„ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ”ผํญ๋œ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์œ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์‘์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ํ˜„์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋™์„ฑ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „์ž์ƒ์ž์„ฑ๊ณต๋ช… ๋ถ„๊ด‘๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ž์„์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ฒด๋‚ด์ธก์ • ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์น˜์•„ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Š” ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ž์ƒ์ž์„ฑ๊ณต๋ช… ๋ถ„๊ด‘๊ณ„ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ง€๋‚œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ž์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒด๋‚ด ์น˜์•„ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์„ค๋ช…๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์น˜๋œ ์น˜์•„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰-๋ฐ˜์‘ ๊ณก์„ ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒด๋‚ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ์„ ๋Ÿ‰-๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์„ ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ฒด๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ์ธก์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ์„ ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ Q ํŒฉํ„ฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง€์›์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ• ๋‚ด ์น˜์•„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฒด๋‚ด Q ํŒฉํ„ฐ์— ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์ž‘, ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ ์ฒด๋‚ด ํŒฌํ…€์ด ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Q ํŒฉํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฒด๋‚ด Q ํŒฉํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ ์ „์ฒด์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ž์„์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์„ธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์ž์„์˜ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ํ•œ์š”์†Œํ•ด์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋œ ๋ฐœ์น˜ ์น˜์•„์—์„œ ์ „์ž์ƒ์ž์„ฑ๊ณต๋ช… ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ํš๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” 220 kVp ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ X-์„ ์œผ๋กœ 5 Gy์™€ 30 Gy๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์ ˆ์น˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ, ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ›„ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์น˜์•„๋ฅผ ์ฒด๋‚ด ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์ „์— Q ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ Q ํŒฉํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰-๋ฐ˜์‘ ๊ณก์„ ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์„ ๋Ÿ‰-๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ ์ฒด๋‚ด ํŒฌํ…€์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์ ˆ์น˜ 4๊ฐœ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰-๋ฐ˜์‘ ๊ณก์„ ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์„ ๋Ÿ‰-๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ •๋ณด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, Q ํŒฉํ„ฐ์™€ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํš๋“ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ™˜์ž์˜ Q ํŒฉํ„ฐ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ํ™˜์ž ๋งž์ถค ์„ ๋Ÿ‰-๋ฐ˜์‘ ๊ณก์„ ์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋งž์ถค ์„ ๋Ÿ‰-๋ฐ˜์‘ ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ค‘ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋œ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Development of EPR Spectrometer 1 1. Basics of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance 1 1.1. Principle of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance 1 1.2. Principle of Continuous Wave EPR Spectrometer 4 2. Development of in vivo EPR Spectrometer 6 2.1. The Motivation of the Development 6 2.1.1. In Vivo Tooth Dosimetry 6 2.1.2. Motivation of the Study 7 3. The Development of the Magnet for in vivo EPR Spectroscopy 8 3.1. The Motivation of the Development 8 3.2. Materials and Methods 11 3.2.1. Design Concept and Required Specifications 11 3.2.2. EPR Magnet Configuration 13 3.2.3. EPR Magnet Design 15 3.2.4. Analytical Calculation of Magnetic Flux Density of PMs 17 3.2.5. Magnetic Field Simulation 20 3.2.6. Magnetic Field Measurement 22 3.2.7. EPR Spectrum Acquisition 23 3.3. Results 25 3.3.1. Characteristics of Prototype Magnet System 25 3.3.2. The Magnet System Building 26 3.3.3. Prototype Magnet System 28 3.3.4. Sweep Coil 33 3.3.5. Modulation Coil Measurement 35 3.3.6. EPR Spectrum Acquisition 37 3.3.7. Thermal Stability of the Magnet 39 3.4. Discussions 41 3.4.1. Baseline Distortion of EPR Spectrum 41 3.4.2. Calibration of Modulation Coil and Sweep Coils 45 3.5. Conclusion of the Magnet Development 47 Chapter 2. In Vivo Dosimetry Method Using Pseudo-In-Vivo Phantom 48 1. Introduction 48 2. Materials and Methods 52 2.1. Pseudo-In-Vivo Phantom 52 2.2. Q Factor Measurements 54 2.3. Tooth Irradiation 56 2.4. EPR Instrument and Measurement 58 2.5. Correction with Area of Tooth Enamel 60 2.6. Post-Radiotherapy Patients In Vivo Dose Assessment 61 3. Results and Discussions 63 3.1. Measurement of Quality Factor 63 3.2. Dose-Response Calibration Curve 66 3.3. Sensitivity and Background Signal of an Arbitrary Q Factor 69 3.4. Verification of Sensitivity Difference Between Two Irradiation Situations 73 3.4.1. Experimental Verification 73 3.4.2. Verification Through Monte Carlo Simulation 79 3.5. Measurements of Post-Radiotherapy Patients 81 3.6. Effect of Irradiation Geometry of Post-Radiotherapy Patients 87 3.7. Inverse Prediction for Dose Estimation 91 3.8. Discussion About Error Level of the Post-Treatment Patients 93 3.9. Q Factor Correction: Another Method to Compensate for the Q Factor Effect 94 3.9.1. Results of Q Factor Correction 96 3.9.2. Comparison of Two Q Factor Reflection Methods 99 Chapter 3. Conclusion 100 Bibliography 101 List of Abbreviation 105 Abstract in Korean 106๋ฐ•
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