Leseaktivitäten auf großen, hochauflösenden Displays

In der heutigen Wissenschaft- und Geschäftswelt ist das Lesen und Verarbeiten großer Informationsmengen immer wichtiger geworden. Deswegen wird nach Lösungen zur Verbesserung der Informationserfassung und Informationsbearbeitung gesucht. Ein möglicher Ansatz ist der Einsatz großer, hochauflösender Displays. Mit Hilfe dieser Displays gibt es Möglichkeiten größere Informationsmengen auf einmal darstellen zu können. Das kann in paralleler Darstellung mehrerer Texte oder zusätzlicher Informationsebenen resultieren. Desweiteren sollen Alternativen zu herkömmlichen Eingabegeräten, wie Tastatur oder Maus, untersucht werden. Dabei kann der zukünftige Benutzer mit dem System interagieren, indem er Handbewegungen oder den Abstand zum Monitor als Hilfsmittel zur Interaktion nimmt. Die Bewegungen können von einem Bewegungserkennungssystem erfasst werden und die gewünschte Aktion ausführen. So kann der Abstand zwischen dem Benutzer und dem Monitor dazu genutzt werden, um die Schriftgröße zu beeinflussen. In dieser Arbeit wird der Einsatz große, hochauflösender Displays im Zusammenhang mit Textlesen und Textverstehen untersucht. Dabei wird insbesondere auf die verschiedenen Interaktionsmöglichkeiten, die sich aus der Kombination von großen, hochauflösenden Displays und Bewegungserkennungssystem entstehen, eingegangen. Auch die Darstellung des Textes und der Position des Lesers relativ zu den Displays soll auf Vorteile und Nachteile untersucht werden. Diesbezüglich wird eine Studie durchgeführt und ihre Ergebnisse statistisch erfasst und anschließend diskutiert werden

The Passenger Experience of Mixed Reality Virtual Display Layouts in Airplane Environments

Augmented / Mixed Reality headsets will in-time see adoption and use in a variety of mobility and transit contexts, allowing users to view and interact with virtual content and displays for productivity and entertainment. However, little is known regarding how multi-display virtual workspaces should be presented in a transit context, nor to what extent the unique affordances of transit environments (e.g. the social presence of others) might influence passenger perception of virtual display layouts. Using a simulated VR passenger airplane environment, we evaluated three different AR-driven virtual display configurations (Horizontal, Vertical, and Focus main display with smaller secondary windows) at two different depths, exploring their usability, user preferences, and the underlying factors that influenced those preferences. We found that the perception of invading other’s personal space significantly influenced preferred layouts in transit contexts. Based on our findings, we reflect on the unique challenges posed by passenger contexts, provide recommendations regarding virtual display layout in the confined airplane environment, and expand on the significant benefits that AR offers over physical displays in said environments

Analysis of the influence of screen size and resolution on work efficiency

The availability of large high-resolution displays and high-bandwidth digital display interfaces allows us to conduct a user study that compares the effects of a large high-resolution display and smaller displays on productivity and satisfaction for complex office tasks, where we control for pixel density, color, brightness and contrast of the displays using a virtual machine and one single large high-resolution display connected to a single high-end computer. We discuss the advances and current state of display technologies that enable this study and we discuss how our study differs from earlier related work. Participants perform three abstract tasks that simulate complex office work on displays of three different sizes and resolutions but with the same pixel density. Both quantitative and qualitative data has been collected and analyzed. We describe the effects that larger displays have on task completion time, error rate and satisfaction compared to smaller displays. Results indicate that large displays significantly improve productivity of complex office tasks and that users prefer larger displays over smaller displays.Die Verfügbarkeit von großen hochauflösenden Bildschirmen und digitalen Anzeigeschnittstellen mit hoher Bandbreite ermöglicht uns eine Benutzerstudie durchzuführen, die die Auswirkungen eines großen hochauflösenden Bildschirms und kleinerer Bildschirme auf die Produktivität und Zufriedenheit bei komplexen Bürotätigkeiten vergleicht, wobei wir die Pixeldichte, die Farben, die Helligkeit und den Kontrast der Bildschirme durch den Einsatz einer virtuellen Maschine und eines einzigen großen hochauflösenden Bildschirms verbunden an einen einzigen hochleistungsfähigen Rechner kontrollieren. Wir beschreiben den Fortschritt und aktuellen Stand der Bildschirmtechnologien, die diese Studie ermöglichen und wir beschreiben wie sich unsere Studie von früheren themenbezogenen Arbeiten unterscheidet. Teilnehmer erfüllen drei abstrakte Tätigkeiten, die komplexe Bürotätigkeiten simulieren, an drei verschiedenen Bildschirmgrößen und -auflösungen, jedoch mit der gleichen Pixeldichte. Sowohl quantitative wie auch qualitative Daten wurden gesammelt und ausgewertet. Wir beschreiben welche Auswirkungen große Bildschirme auf die Aufgabendauer, die Fehlerrate und die Zufriedenheit im Vergleich zu kleineren Bildschirmen haben. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass große Bildschirme die Produktivität von komplexen Bürotätigkeiten signifikant verbessern und dass Benutzer große Bildschirme kleineren Bildschirmen bevorzugen

Expanding the bounds of seated virtual workspaces

Mixed Reality (MR), Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) headsets can improve upon existing physical multi-display environments by rendering large, ergonomic virtual display spaces whenever and wherever they are needed. However, given the physical and ergonomic limitations of neck movement, users may need assistance to view these display spaces comfortably. Through two studies, we developed new ways of minimising the physical effort and discomfort of viewing such display spaces. We first explored how the mapping between gaze angle and display position could be manipulated, helping users view wider display spaces than currently possible within an acceptable and comfortable range of neck movement. We then compared our implicit control of display position based on head orientation against explicit user control, finding significant benefits in terms of user preference, workload and comfort for implicit control. Our novel techniques create new opportunities for productive work by leveraging MR headsets to create interactive wide virtual workspaces with improved comfort and usability. These workspaces are flexible and can be used on-the-go, e.g., to improve remote working or make better use of commuter journeys

Content arrangement on large high-resolution displays: a PDF-reader

The advent of Large High Resolution Displays (LHRDs) enables new visualisation methods for data analysis. This allows users to replace virtual navigation with spatial navigation which leads to further challenges in arranging the content appropriately. Conventional applications are developed without considering these novel issues; thus they may have deficiencies to be used on LHRDs efficiently. For this purpose, we conduct this thesis with a focus on the content arrangement of PDF documents. The aim of this thesis is to design, implement and evaluate an interface for viewing PDF documents on LHRDs. After an extensive literature review, we conducted design workshops to elicit design concepts and received various inspiring suggestions. The most promising design ideas were implemented as a working prototype by using an existing open source PDF renderer. Finally, we evaluated our implementation in a collaborative sensemaking user study in terms of usability and performance. We examine the result of the evaluation study and present key influencing factors which might be useful for future applications on LHRDs

Enabling Collaborative Visual Analysis across Heterogeneous Devices

We are surrounded by novel device technologies emerging at an unprecedented pace. These devices are heterogeneous in nature: in large and small sizes with many input and sensing mechanisms. When many such devices are used by multiple users with a shared goal, they form a heterogeneous device ecosystem. A device ecosystem has great potential in data science to act as a natural medium for multiple analysts to make sense of data using visualization. It is essential as today's big data problems require more than a single mind or a single machine to solve them. Towards this vision, I introduce the concept of collaborative, cross-device visual analytics (C2-VA) and outline a reference model to develop user interfaces for C2-VA. This dissertation covers interaction models, coordination techniques, and software platforms to enable full stack support for C2-VA. Firstly, we connected devices to form an ecosystem using software primitives introduced in the early frameworks from this dissertation. To work in a device ecosystem, we designed multi-user interaction for visual analysis in front of large displays by finding a balance between proxemics and mid-air gestures. Extending these techniques, we considered the roles of different devices–large and small–to present a conceptual framework for utilizing multiple devices for visual analytics. When applying this framework, findings from a user study showcase flexibility in the analytic workflow and potential for generation of complex insights in device ecosystems. Beyond this, we supported coordination between multiple users in a device ecosystem by depicting the presence, attention, and data coverage of each analyst within a group. Building on these parts of the C2-VA stack, the culmination of this dissertation is a platform called Vistrates. This platform introduces a component model for modular creation of user interfaces that work across multiple devices and users. A component is an analytical primitive–a data processing method, a visualization, or an interaction technique–that is reusable, composable, and extensible. Together, components can support a complex analytical activity. On top of the component model, the support for collaboration and device ecosystems comes for granted in Vistrates. Overall, this enables the exploration of new research ideas within C2-VA

ユーザの近接性を考慮した作業空間の構築に関する研究

Tohoku University北村喜文課