Design of a low-cost system for the monitoring and control of public lighting

The public lighting poles are part of the public lighting system, so its operation is important and is offered as a welfare mechanism for citizens, it has the disadvantage of the high cost of operation because it is in operation all night for 365 days of the year, in this work a low-cost system is designed to be able to supply power to the public lighting poles, based on a solar panel system and with sensors to be able to measure luminosity, voltages and current, this system sends the information to a base station using the XBEE protocol and viewed using LABVIEW software.Campus At

Exploring the role of servitization to overcome barriers for innovative energy efficiency technologies – the case of public LED street lighting in German municipalities

In this paper we analyse the case for public application of LED street lighting. Drawing from the energy services literature and transaction cost economics, we compare modes of lighting governance for modernisation. We argue that servitization can accelerate the commercialisation and diffusion of end-use energy demand reduction (EUED) technologies in the public sector if third party energy service companies (ESCo) overcome technological, institutional and economic barriers that accompany the introduction of such technologies resulting in transaction costs. This can only succeed with a supportive policy framework and an environment conducive towards the dissemination of specific technological and commercial knowledge required for the diffusion process

Urban lighting project for a small town: comparing citizens and authority benefits

The smart and resilient city evolves by slow procedures of mutation without radical changes, increasing the livability of its territory. The value of the city center in a Smart City can increase through urban lighting systems: its elements on the territory can collect and convey data to increase services to city users; the electrical system becomes the so-called Smart Grid. This paper presents a study of smart lighting for a small town, a touristic location inside a nature reserve on the Italian coast. Three different approaches have been proposed, from minimal to more invasive interventions, and their effect on the territory has been investigated. Based on street typology and its surroundings, the work analyzes the opportunity to introduce smart and useful services for the citizens starting from a retrofitting intervention. Smart city capabilities are examined, showing how it is possible to provide new services to the cities through ICT (Information and Communication Technology) without deep changes and simplifying the control of basic city functions. The results evidence an important impact on annual energy costs, suggesting smart grid planning not only for metropolis applications, but also in smaller towns, such as the examined one

Buildings for low energy air conditioning

Over half of global warming is thought to be attributable to the burning of fossil fuelsand slightly less than half of this is due to conditioning the environment withinbuildings. Since the UK government is committed to reducing carbon dioxideemissions by 20% between the years1990 and 2010, the pressure to improve theenergy efficiency of our building stock is likely to increase in the coming years.Field studies have identified that, on average, fuel costs for air conditioned buildingsare twice that of naturally ventilated buildings and result in twice the CO2 emissions1.Air conditioning is therefore often thought of as an environmental evil byenvironmentalists with calls to ban it. Air conditioning protagonists argue that airconditioning provides for a better environment within buildings and only accounts for6% of CO2 emissions in commercial and public buildings (i.e. 1% of total UK CO2emissions).This chapter explores some of the issues that can impact on the design of energyefficient air-conditioned buildings. The arguments presented in this chapter are basedon research carried out at the Bartlett, University College London (UCL) and on theauthors? experience of running the Department of Trade and Industry funded EnergyDesign Advice Scheme (EDAS) office based at UCL. EDAS provides free advice toany building professional involved in the design and/or commissioning of a newbuilding or refurbishment of an existing building. The office based at the Bartlett hasbeen involved in providing advice on over 700 projects with predicted cumulativeenergy savings for the scheme as a whole of £15 million per annum

Energy performance assessment of HVAC systems by inspection and monitoring

The paper discusses the collection and processing of energy performance data as part of the inspection of HVAC systems, aimed at identifying technically feasible and cost-effective Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECO), as required by EPBD. Case studies developed by the HARMONAC project have shown that low-cost or no-cost ECO's - mostly related to system operation and management - can be identified with an effective system monitoring. Building Management Systems (BMS) may be a powerful tool for this task, provided their HW and SW architecture is designed with adequate attention to energy monitoring. Dedicated instrumentation - such as electricity meters and temperature loggers - may also be employed as an alternative / integration to BMS monitoring. The paper also discusses the application of data analysis tools - such as "carpet plots" and "energy signatures" - to the identification of component malfunctioning, control problems, inadequate maintenance, or system schedule optimization, and to the evaluation of achieved energy saving