2,185 research outputs found
Deep Saliency with Encoded Low level Distance Map and High Level Features
Recent advances in saliency detection have utilized deep learning to obtain
high level features to detect salient regions in a scene. These advances have
demonstrated superior results over previous works that utilize hand-crafted low
level features for saliency detection. In this paper, we demonstrate that
hand-crafted features can provide complementary information to enhance
performance of saliency detection that utilizes only high level features. Our
method utilizes both high level and low level features for saliency detection
under a unified deep learning framework. The high level features are extracted
using the VGG-net, and the low level features are compared with other parts of
an image to form a low level distance map. The low level distance map is then
encoded using a convolutional neural network(CNN) with multiple 1X1
convolutional and ReLU layers. We concatenate the encoded low level distance
map and the high level features, and connect them to a fully connected neural
network classifier to evaluate the saliency of a query region. Our experiments
show that our method can further improve the performance of state-of-the-art
deep learning-based saliency detection methods.Comment: Accepted by IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern
Recognition(CVPR) 2016. Project page:
https://github.com/gylee1103/SaliencyEL
How is Gaze Influenced by Image Transformations? Dataset and Model
Data size is the bottleneck for developing deep saliency models, because
collecting eye-movement data is very time consuming and expensive. Most of
current studies on human attention and saliency modeling have used high quality
stereotype stimuli. In real world, however, captured images undergo various
types of transformations. Can we use these transformations to augment existing
saliency datasets? Here, we first create a novel saliency dataset including
fixations of 10 observers over 1900 images degraded by 19 types of
transformations. Second, by analyzing eye movements, we find that observers
look at different locations over transformed versus original images. Third, we
utilize the new data over transformed images, called data augmentation
transformation (DAT), to train deep saliency models. We find that label
preserving DATs with negligible impact on human gaze boost saliency prediction,
whereas some other DATs that severely impact human gaze degrade the
performance. These label preserving valid augmentation transformations provide
a solution to enlarge existing saliency datasets. Finally, we introduce a novel
saliency model based on generative adversarial network (dubbed GazeGAN). A
modified UNet is proposed as the generator of the GazeGAN, which combines
classic skip connections with a novel center-surround connection (CSC), in
order to leverage multi level features. We also propose a histogram loss based
on Alternative Chi Square Distance (ACS HistLoss) to refine the saliency map in
terms of luminance distribution. Extensive experiments and comparisons over 3
datasets indicate that GazeGAN achieves the best performance in terms of
popular saliency evaluation metrics, and is more robust to various
perturbations. Our code and data are available at:
https://github.com/CZHQuality/Sal-CFS-GAN
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