11,504 research outputs found

    A Comprehensive Study on Off-path SmartNIC

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    SmartNIC has recently emerged as an attractive device to accelerate distributed systems. However, there has been no comprehensive characterization of SmartNIC especially on the network part. This paper presents the first comprehensive study of off-path SmartNIC. Our experimental study uncovers the key performance characteristics of the communication among the client, SmartNIC SoC, and the host. We find without considering SmartNIC hardware architecture, communications with it can cause up to 48% bandwidth degradation due to performance anomalies. We also propose implications to address the anomalies.Comment: This is the short version. Full version will appear at OSDI2

    Mitochondria: It is all about energy

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    Mitochondria play a key role in both health and disease. Their function is not limited to energy production but serves multiple mechanisms varying from iron and calcium homeostasis to the production of hormones and neurotransmitters, such as melatonin. They enable and influence communication at all physical levels through interaction with other organelles, the nucleus, and the outside environment. The literature suggests crosstalk mechanisms between mitochondria and circadian clocks, the gut microbiota, and the immune system. They might even be the hub supporting and integrating activity across all these domains. Hence, they might be the (missing) link in both health and disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is related to metabolic syndrome, neuronal diseases, cancer, cardiovascular and infectious diseases, and inflammatory disorders. In this regard, diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and chronic pain are discussed. This review focuses on understanding the mitochondrial mechanisms of action that allow for the maintenance of mitochondrial health and the pathways toward dysregulated mechanisms. Although mitochondria have allowed us to adapt to changes over the course of evolution, in turn, evolution has shaped mitochondria. Each evolution-based intervention influences mitochondria in its own way. The use of physiological stress triggers tolerance to the stressor, achieving adaptability and resistance. This review describes strategies that could recover mitochondrial functioning in multiple diseases, providing a comprehensive, root-cause-focused, integrative approach to recovering health and treating people suffering from chronic diseases

    Attacker Profiling Through Analysis of Attack Patterns in Geographically Distributed Honeypots

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    Honeypots are a well-known and widely used technology in the cybersecurity community, where it is assumed that placing honeypots in different geographical locations provides better visibility and increases effectiveness. However, how geolocation affects the usefulness of honeypots is not well-studied, especially for threat intelligence as early warning systems. This paper examines attack patterns in a large public dataset of geographically distributed honeypots by answering methodological questions and creating behavioural profiles of attackers. Results show that the location of honeypots helps identify attack patterns and build profiles for the attackers. We conclude that not all the intelligence collected from geographically distributed honeypots is equally valuable and that a good early warning system against resourceful attackers may be built with only two distributed honeypots and a production server

    The Metaverse: Survey, Trends, Novel Pipeline Ecosystem & Future Directions

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    The Metaverse offers a second world beyond reality, where boundaries are non-existent, and possibilities are endless through engagement and immersive experiences using the virtual reality (VR) technology. Many disciplines can benefit from the advancement of the Metaverse when accurately developed, including the fields of technology, gaming, education, art, and culture. Nevertheless, developing the Metaverse environment to its full potential is an ambiguous task that needs proper guidance and directions. Existing surveys on the Metaverse focus only on a specific aspect and discipline of the Metaverse and lack a holistic view of the entire process. To this end, a more holistic, multi-disciplinary, in-depth, and academic and industry-oriented review is required to provide a thorough study of the Metaverse development pipeline. To address these issues, we present in this survey a novel multi-layered pipeline ecosystem composed of (1) the Metaverse computing, networking, communications and hardware infrastructure, (2) environment digitization, and (3) user interactions. For every layer, we discuss the components that detail the steps of its development. Also, for each of these components, we examine the impact of a set of enabling technologies and empowering domains (e.g., Artificial Intelligence, Security & Privacy, Blockchain, Business, Ethics, and Social) on its advancement. In addition, we explain the importance of these technologies to support decentralization, interoperability, user experiences, interactions, and monetization. Our presented study highlights the existing challenges for each component, followed by research directions and potential solutions. To the best of our knowledge, this survey is the most comprehensive and allows users, scholars, and entrepreneurs to get an in-depth understanding of the Metaverse ecosystem to find their opportunities and potentials for contribution

    Annual report of the officers of the town of Jackson, New Hampshire for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022.

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    This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire

    Теорія систем мобільних інфокомунікацій. Системна архітектура

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    Навчальний посібник містить опис логічних та фізичних структур, процедур, алгоритмів, протоколів, принципів побудови і функціонування мереж стільникового мобільного зв’язку (до 3G) і мобільних інфокомунікацій (4G і вище), приділяючи увагу розгляду загальних архітектур мереж операторів мобільного зв’язку, їх управління і координування, неперервності еволюції розвитку засобів функціонування і способів надання послуг таких мереж. Посібник структурно має сім розділів і побудований так, що складність матеріалу зростає з кожним наступним розділом. Навчальний посібник призначено для здобувачів ступеня бакалавра за спеціальністю 172 «Телекомунікації та радіотехніка», буде також корисним для аспірантів, наукових та інженерно-технічних працівників за напрямом інформаційно-телекомунікаційних систем та технологій.The manual contains a description of the logical and physical structures, procedures, algorithms, protocols, principles of construction and operation of cellular networks for mobile communications (up to 3G) and mobile infocommunications (4G and higher), paying attention to the consideration of general architectures of mobile operators' networks, their management, and coordination, the continuous evolution of the development of the means of operation and methods of providing services of such networks. The manual has seven structural sections and is structured in such a way that the complexity of the material increases with each subsequent chapter. The textbook is intended for applicants for a bachelor's degree in specialty 172 "Telecommunications and Radio Engineering", and will also be useful to graduate students, and scientific and engineering workers in the direction of information and telecommunication systems and technologies

    Corporate Social Responsibility: the institutionalization of ESG

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    Understanding the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on firm performance as it relates to industries reliant on technological innovation is a complex and perpetually evolving challenge. To thoroughly investigate this topic, this dissertation will adopt an economics-based structure to address three primary hypotheses. This structure allows for each hypothesis to essentially be a standalone empirical paper, unified by an overall analysis of the nature of impact that ESG has on firm performance. The first hypothesis explores the evolution of CSR to the modern quantified iteration of ESG has led to the institutionalization and standardization of the CSR concept. The second hypothesis fills gaps in existing literature testing the relationship between firm performance and ESG by finding that the relationship is significantly positive in long-term, strategic metrics (ROA and ROIC) and that there is no correlation in short-term metrics (ROE and ROS). Finally, the third hypothesis states that if a firm has a long-term strategic ESG plan, as proxied by the publication of CSR reports, then it is more resilience to damage from controversies. This is supported by the finding that pro-ESG firms consistently fared better than their counterparts in both financial and ESG performance, even in the event of a controversy. However, firms with consistent reporting are also held to a higher standard than their nonreporting peers, suggesting a higher risk and higher reward dynamic. These findings support the theory of good management, in that long-term strategic planning is both immediately economically beneficial and serves as a means of risk management and social impact mitigation. Overall, this contributes to the literature by fillings gaps in the nature of impact that ESG has on firm performance, particularly from a management perspective

    Architecture Smells vs. Concurrency Bugs: an Exploratory Study and Negative Results

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    Technical debt occurs in many different forms across software artifacts. One such form is connected to software architectures where debt emerges in the form of structural anti-patterns across architecture elements, namely, architecture smells. As defined in the literature, ``Architecture smells are recurrent architectural decisions that negatively impact internal system quality", thus increasing technical debt. In this paper, we aim at exploring whether there exist manifestations of architectural technical debt beyond decreased code or architectural quality, namely, whether there is a relation between architecture smells (which primarily reflect structural characteristics) and the occurrence of concurrency bugs (which primarily manifest at runtime). We study 125 releases of 5 large data-intensive software systems to reveal that (1) several architecture smells may in fact indicate the presence of concurrency problems likely to manifest at runtime but (2) smells are not correlated with concurrency in general -- rather, for specific concurrency bugs they must be combined with an accompanying articulation of specific project characteristics such as project distribution. As an example, a cyclic dependency could be present in the code, but the specific execution-flow could be never executed at runtime
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