Transformations in the Carpathian Basin around 1600 B. C.

Um die Zeit des Vulkanausbruchs von Thera fanden wichtige Veränderungen im Karpatenbecken statt. Diese sogenannte Koszider Epoche korrespondiert mit der letzten Phase der mittleren Bronzezeit in der ungarischen Terminologie und stellt den Übergang zur späten Bronzezeit dar. Die Untersuchung dieser Epoche hat sich bisher als kontrovers erwiesen – sowohl unter ungarischen als auch mitteleuropäischen Wissenschaftlern. Erst in den letzten Jahren ist diese Epoche nicht mehr als kurzer Zeitraum, mit der ein bestimmtes historisches Ereignis verbunden werden kann, interpretiert worden. Vielmehr sieht man sie nun als eine länger dauernde Periode an, welche die Blütezeit der mittleren Bronzezeit im Karpatenbecken markiert und die mit einschneidenden Veränderungen endet. Die Hauptelemente dieses Wandels sind allerdings noch unklar. Unser Ziel ist es, den Wandel durch den Vergleich verschiedener Aspekte dreier aufeinanderfolgender Phasen zu untersuchen. Am Ende sollen einige neue Erwägungen stehen, die die bisherigen Interpretationen dieser Veränderungen erweitern können. | Around the time of the Thera eruption important transformations occurred in the Carpathian Basin. This is the so-called Koszider Period, which corresponds to the last phase of the Middle Bronze Age (MBA) in the Hungarian terminology and represents a transition to the Late Bronze Age. The assessment of the period has been controversial among both Hungarian and central European scholars. In the past few years this period has been interpreted not as a short »horizon« connected to a specific historical event, but as a longer period that represented the heyday of the MBA in the Carpathian Basin, which ended with significant transformations. The main elements of this transformation, however, are still unclear. Our aim is to investigate this transformation through the comparison of several aspects of three subsequent phases and to amend the previously offered interpretations of the changes with a few new considerations

Legitimacy analysis of multi-level governance of biodiversity: Evidence from 12 case studies across the EU

Legitimacy is regarded as one critical aspect of biodiversity management and nature conservation arrangements. Multi-level governance is claimed to pose several challenges to legitimacy. The aim of this paper is to review some legitimacy challenges in multilevel governance contexts, and to analyse empirically biodiversity governance in different EU countries in the light of these challenges. Four legitimacy criteria - legal compatibility, accountability, representation and inclusion, and transparency - serve as a framework for theoretical and empirical analysis. The analysis is based on twelve cases of multilevel biodiversity governance from different EU countries. The results show that several of the legitimacy challenges in multilevel governance can be observed in the cases, for example the poor inclusion of certain concerns at some time points of the decision process, difficulties in being accountable towards multiple levels simultaneously, or the weak visibility of the decision process either for the general public or for the immediate participants. --multi-level governance,biodiversity,legitimacy,legal compatibility,accountability,inclusion,transparency

Kajian Kebijakan Pengelolaan Hutan Lindung

Permasalahan hutan lindung Indonesia sudah sangat kritis, penurunan luas dan kerusakan hutan lindung sejak 1997 sampai 2002 dua kali lebih besar dari kerusakan hutan produksi. Melihat kondisi yang demikian, muncul beberapa pertanyaan mendasar, seperti sejauh mana kebijakan dan peraturan Perundangan yang ada mendukung ke arah pengelolaan hutan lindung yang berkelanjutan? Adakah dampak kebijakan ini terhadap pengelolaan hutan lindung? Sudah tepatkah kebijakan dan peraturan Perundangan yang ada sehingga mendukung ke arah tujuan dari Peruntukkan kawasan hutan lindung tersebut? Kajian tentang kebijakan pengelolaan hutan lindung ini selain bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut, juga bertujuan untuk mengkaji kebijakan dan peraturan Perundangan terkini yang berkaitan dengan pengelolaan hutan lindung. Secara lebih khusus, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (i) mengidentifikasi kebijakan dan peraturan Perundangan yang mengatur secara langsung maupun tidak langsung hutan lindung, mulai tingkat pusat sampai daerah, (ii) menelaah kebijakan dan peraturan Perundangan, termasuk mengkaji konsistensi dan sinkronisasi kebijakan tersebut, (iii) mengetahui kondisi hutan lindung saat ini, dan (iv) merekomendasikan kebijakan pengelolaan hutan lindung yang diperlukan untuk mencapai pembangunan hutan lindung yang berkelanjutan. Hasil kajian terhadap 83 peraturan yang mengatur hutan lindung, menunjukkan masih belum jelas dan terarahnya kebijakan pengelolaan hutan lindung yang berkelanjutan. Walaupun berbagai Perundangan mulai dari UU No. 41/1999, PP 44/2004, PP 34/2002, Keppres 32/1990 sudah secara jelas menyebutkan fungsi, peranan dan kriteria hutan lindung, serta bentuk pemanfaatan yang dapat dilakukan di atasnya. Tetapi Perundangan yang sama masih mengijinkan Perubahan penggunaan areal hutan lindung untuk kepentingan penggunaan di luar kehutanan, termasuk pertambangan tertutup. Sehingga keberadaan hutan lindung menurut peraturan Perundangan masih dilematis. Secara lebih rinci persoalan dalam kebijakan tersebut adalah sebagai berikut. Pertama, masih terdapat perbedaan mendasar antar Perundangan tentang istilah-istilah yang berkaitan dengan pengelolaan kawasan hutan lindung. Kedua, adanya dualisme kebijakan pemerintah, dimana di satu sisi berupaya untuk melindungi kawasan lindung dan menetapkan aturan-aturan untuk melestarikannya, tapi di sisi lain membuka peluang kawasan hutan lindung tersebut untuk dieksploitasi. Ketiga, belum terlihatnya harmonisasi kebijakan yang dapat menjadi dasar dan acuan dalam pengelolaan hutan lindung di daerah. Keempat, adanya kebijakan yang overlapping dan membingungkan pelaksana lapangan. Kelima, kurangnya apresiasi pemerintah kabupaten terhadap fungsi ekologis dari hutan lindung sebagai perlindungan sistem penyangga kehidupan untuk mengatur tata air, mencegah banjir, mengendalikan erosi, dan mencegah intrusi air laut. Keenam, tidak mengacunya kebijakan yang lebih rendah kepada peraturan yang berkaitan erat yang berada diatasnya. Penelitian ini menyarankan perlunya meningkatkan kebijakan terutama dalam hal : (i) mewujudkan persamaan persepsi tentang fungsi hutan lindung antar instansi yang terkait dalam pengelolaan hutan lindung, dan (ii) kebijakan yang komprehensif, integrated, dan tidak overlapping

THE ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR OF COMMUNITY AT UPSTREAM MAROS CATCHMENT AREA

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine and to analyze the ecosystem knowledge, conservation knowledge, and pollution knowledge that have effect on the community attitudes in preserving the environment, toward the community behavior at the upstream Maros catchment area This study used a quantitative approach and survey method with a questionnaire instrument. The instruments used were developed by researchers, including: questionnaire of environmental behavior and attitudes, test of knowledge ecosystems; conservation knowledge and pollution knowledge the model that used for this study is Structural Equation Model to understand the relationship of all variables. The results show that the ecosystem knowledge variables (X1), conservation knowledge (X2), and pollution knowledge (X3) have direct and significant impact on environmental attitudes (X4). Moreover, the conservation knowledge variable (X2), pollution knowledge (X3), is also has direct and significant impact on people’s behavior (Y). Meanwhile the ecosystem knowledge variables (X1) has no direct effect on the community behavior and no significant impact on environment aspect, it represents a significant value of p – value> 0.05

Self-perception of professional competencies in sports professionals - the effect of the occupational area and experience

Según Cheetham y Chivers (1998), la competencia profesional es una construcción específica influenciada por una multitud de factores, incluida la competencia en auto y hetero-percepción. En esta línea de entendimiento Nascimento (1999) afirma que el éxito depende no sólo de conocimientos y procedimientos, sino también el dominio mostrado en relación con ellos. Este estudio tiene como finalidad principal examinar los niveles de competencia de la auto-percepción en el deporte profesional. La muestra se compone de 1.514 sujetos que ejercen su profesión en tres contextos de la práctica: la Educación Física, entrenamiento y acondicionamiento físico. Se utilizaron tres escalas de auto-percepción de la formación profesional específica en habilidades para el Deporte (adaptado de Nair, 1999; Feitosa, 2002): uno dirigido a profesores de Educación Física, los otros entrenadores, y un tercero para los profesores / instructores Fitness. En el procesamiento de los datos se utilizaron medidas básicas descriptiva y análisis multivariado de las variables dependientes (multivariable Modelo Lineal General), para verificar si los factores de campo profesional, experiencia profesional y la institución de formación pueden diferenciar los niveles de autopercepción de competencia profesional. Para su posterior análisis, que también se utiliza el T-test para medidas independientes y la prueba de t para una muestra. El nivel de significación se mantuvo en p ≤ 0,05. Los resultados indican una interacción del campo profesional, experiencia profesional y la institución de formación con la auto-percepción de la competencia.According to Cheetham and Chivers (1998), the professional competence is a specific concept influenced by a variety of factors, including self and hetero perception of competence. In this line of understanding Nascimento (1999) says that professional success hinges not only on knowledge and procedures, but also of the domain demonstrated in relation with themselves. This study has, as main purpose, to examine the levels of competence self-perception in sport professionals. The sample consists of 1514 subjects who exercised their profession in three contexts of practice: Physical Education, Coaching and Fitness. We used three likert-type scales of self-perception of professional competence specific for the sport professional (adapted from Nascimento, 1999; Feitosa, 2002): one directed to PE teachers, the other to Coaches, and a third to teachers/instructors of Fitness In the data processing we used the basic descriptive measures and the multivariate analysis for dependent variables (General Linear Model Multivariate) to see if the factors professional area, professional experience and institution are different in the levels of self-perception of professional competence. For additional analysis we also used the T-test for independent measures and the T test for one sample. The significance’s level was maintained at p ≤ 0.05. The results indicate an interaction of the factors in the professional area, professional experience and institution with self-perception of competence.Segundo Cheetham e Chivers (1998), a competência profissional é um constructo específico influenciado por uma multiplicidade de factores, incluindo a auto e a heteropercepção de competência. Nesta linha de entendimento Nascimento (1999) refere que o sucesso profissional depende não só do conhecimento e procedimentos mas também do domínio demonstrado em relação aos mesmos. Este estudo tem como principal propósito examinar os níveis de auto-percepção da competência em profissionais do desporto. A amostra é constituída por 1514 sujeitos que exercem a sua actividade profissional em três contextos de prática: Educação Física, Treino e Fitness. Utilizaram-se três escalas de Autopercepção das Competências Profissionais Específicas do Profissional do Desporto (adaptadas de Nascimento, 1999; Feitosa, 2002): uma dirigida a professores de Educação Física, outra a Treinadores, e uma terceira a professores/instrutores de Fitness. No tratamento dos dados recorreu-se às medidas descritivas básicas e à análise multivariada para variáveis dependentes (General Linear Model Multivariate), para verificar se os factores área profissional, experiência profissional e instituição de formação são diferenciadores dos níveis de auto-percepção da competência profissional. Para as análise complementares, foram ainda utilizados o T-test para medidas independentes e o teste T para uma amostra. O nível de significância foi mantido em p≤0.05. Os resultados indicam uma interacção dos factores área profissional, experiência profissional e instituição de formação com a auto-percepção da competência.peerReviewe

JURNAL WALENNAE, VOLUME 15, NOMOR 1, JUNI 2017

Jurnal Walennae volume 15 Nomor 1 Tahun 2017 ini berisi tulisan dari para peneliti arkeologi dan alumni jurusan arkeologi Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Hasanuddin. Pada edisi ini, artikel yang disajikan mengangkat isu penelitian arkeologi terkait dengan penjamanan masa prasejarah sampai masa sejarah